Chapter 18 Anatomy & Physiology
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| The process of eliminating wastes from the body | Excretion
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| located in a concave notch in the medial side of the kidneys | Hilum
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| Structures enter and leave the kidney through a slit called | Hilum
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| A tough ________ surrounds each kidney | Fibrous Capsule
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| The Site of urine production | Renal Cortex
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| Forms the outer region of the kidneys | Renal Cortex
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| The site of urine collection | Renal Medulla
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| Forms the inner region of the kidneys | Renal Medulla
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| Extensions from the cortex that divide the interior region into cone-shaped sections | Renal Columns
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| the cone-shaped sections in the kidney | Renal Pyramids
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| Consist of tubules for transporting urine away for the cortex | Renal Pyramids
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| The base of each __________ faces outward toward the cortex | Renal Pyramids
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| The point of the Renal Pyramid is called | Renal Papilla
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| Faces the hilum in the kidneys | Renal Papilla
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| Renal papilla extends into a cup called | Minor Calyx
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| Collects urine leaving the papilla | Minor Calyx
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| Two or Three minor calyces join together to form a | Major Calyx
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| the major calyces converge to form the | Renal Pelvis
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| Receives urine from the major calyces | Renal Pelvis
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| the renal pelvis continues as the | Ureter
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| A tube-like structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder | Ureter
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| Branches off the abdominal aorta | Renal Artery
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| Brings blood to the kidneys | Renal Artery
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| Blood eventually leaves the kidney through the | Renal Vein
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| The filtration units of the kidney | Nephrons
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| lie in the kidney's outer region, where they extend the cortex and medulla. | Nephrons
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| Supplies blood to one nephron | Afferent Arterioles
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| Each afferent arterioles branches into a cluster of capillaries called | Glomerulus
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| enclosed by the bowmen's capsule | Glomerulus
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| Surrounds the Glomerulus | Bowmen's Capsule
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| Blood leaves the glomerulus though | Efferent Arterioles
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| the efferent arterioles leads to a network of capillaries around the renal tubules called | Peritubular Capillaries
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| these pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules | Peritubular Capillaries
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| Known as the beginning of the nephron | Renal Corpuscle
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| Consists of the glomerulus and the Bowmen's capsule | Renal Corpuscle
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| Also known as the Glomerulus Capsule | Bowmen's Capsule
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| Consists of two layers of epithelial cells that envelope the glomerulus in an open-ended covering | Bowmen's Capsule
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| Leading away from the glomerulus are a series of tube-like structures that collectively are called | Renal Tubule
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| After returning to the cortex, the ascending limb coils again, forming the | Distal Tubule
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| Arising from directly from the Bowmen's capsule | Proximal Tubule
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| Consists of a descending limb and ascending limb | Loop of Henle
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| Receives drainage from the distal tubules of several different nephrons | Collecting duct
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| Passes into a renal pyramid, where it merges with other ducts to form one __________ | Collecting duct
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| The amount of fluid filtered by both kidneys | Glomerular Filtration Rate
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| equals 180 liters each day | Glomerular Filtration Rate
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| the presence of finding protein in the urine | Proteinuria
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| A key mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and, therefore, a steady glomerular filtration rate | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
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| Specialized cells in the afferent arterioles | Juxtaglomerular Cells
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| Renin coverts the inactive plasma protein _________ (made in the liver) into Angiotensin I | Angiotensinogen
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| Angiotensin I circulates to the lungs, where __________ (ACE) converts into Angiotensin II | Angiotensin-converting Enzyme
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| Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete | Aldosterone
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| Process whereby chemicals are removed from filtrate in the renal tubules and returned to the blood | Tubular Reabsorption
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| Process whereby chemicals are added to the filtrate in the renal tubules | Tubular Secretion
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| Passage of large amounts of urine | Diuresis
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| Increase reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+, Increase Blood pressure | Aldosterone
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| Increase reabsorption of H2O, Increase Blood Pressure | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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| Decrease reabsorption of Na+, Decreases Blood Pressure | Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)
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| an examination of the characteristics of urine | Urinalysis
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| A high Ph Reflects | Alkalosis
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| A low ph indicates | Acidosis
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| A urine output of less then 400 ml/day | Oliguria
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| Urines yellow color results from pigment _________ | Urochrome
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| A byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin in worn-out red blood cells | Urochrome
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| Connecting the renal pelvis of each kidney with the bladder are slender, muscular tubes called | Ureters
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| A collapsible muscular sac that sits behind the symphysis pubis and s below the peritoneal membrane | Urinary Bladder
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| In Women, this resides in front of the vagina and uterus | Urinary Bladder
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| In Men, this Resides on top of the prostate gland | Urinary Bladder
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| The Wall of the Bladder | Detrusor Muscle
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| Folds in the bladder | Rugae
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| Triangular-shaped, smooth area on the floor of the bladder | Trigone
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| infections commonly attack this area of the bladder | Trigone
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| At the point where the urethra leaves the bladder , a ring of smooth muscle forms the | Internal Urethral Sphincter
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| this Sphincter contracts involuntarily to retain urine in the bladder | Internal Urethral Sphincter
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| exists where the urethra passes through the pelvic floor | External Urinary Sphincter
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| this sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control | External Urinary Sphincter
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| A small tube that conveys urine away from the bladder and out of the body | Urethra
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| the opening of the urethra leading to the outside of the body | External Urinary Meatus
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| Females are particularly prone to urinary tract infections because of the bacteria called | Escherichia Coli
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| Also called Micturition | Urination
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| begins when the external sphincter muscle of the bladder voluntarily relaxes and the detrusor muscle of the bladder contracts | Urination
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| Hormone that inhabits diuresis by stimulating the kidney to conserve water | Antidiuretic
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| U-Shaped portion of the renal tubule | Loop of Henle
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| Measurement that indicates the amount of solid matter in a liquid | Specific Gravity
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| Enzyme released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood pressure that causes the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I | Renin
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| the location where blood vessels, nerves and ureter enter and leave the kidney. | Hilum
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| The portion of the nephron in charge of making urine | Renal Tubule
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| Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the: | Proximal Tubule
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| many diuretics work by blocking tubular reabsorption of: | Sodium
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