Ancient Greece stuff
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| Today people use whose concepts of government, art, literature, and science? | the early Greeks'
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| When did the empire exist? | 2000s-100 BCE
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| Many people settled on the peninsula of what? | Peloponnesus
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| Specifically what parts of the geography of Greece created many small, isolated regions? | mountains
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| Some groups of people got along, others fought in what that sometimes erupted into wars? | fierce rivalries
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| Most people in Ancient Greece were what? | farmers
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| What part of a western state was Greece's climate similar to? | southern California
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| Why did farmers grow many grapes and olives? | There was little room and grapes and olives didn't need much and they could be grown on mountains.
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| What grains could they also grow, though not as much as grapes and olives? | wheat and barely
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| Why did the Ancient Greeks had to trade to get grains? | Only a fourth of the land was level enough to grow them.
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| The roots of Greece go back to which two civilizations? | the Minoans and Mycenaeans
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| Where did the first civilization start in Greece? | On the island of Crete.
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| Who was the leader of the Minoans? | King Minos
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| What range of dates was called the Minoan Age? | 2000-1400 BCE
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| What did the Minoans develop? | a writing system
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| What kinds of fine artwork did they create? | Carved statues, pottery, metal bowls, jewelry, and weavings.
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| What were the Minoans also? | great sailors
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| Who did the Minoans trade with? | Egypt, Phoenicia, and Mesopotamia.
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| The Minoans were what in addition to being great sailors? | great builders
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| What kinds of advanced water systems did the Minoans build in palaces? | Underground plumbing and running water for the bathrooms.
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| What were walls of Minoan palaces decorated with? | Colorful murals of daily life in Ancient Crete.
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| Where was the Mycenaean civilization found? | On the mainland of Greece.
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| Who did the Mycenaeans learn from? | the Minoans
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| What did the Mycenaeans do similar to/borrow from the Minoans? | They built palaces similar to them and borrowed their system of writing.
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| What range of dates is known as the Mycenaean Age? | 1400-1100 BCE
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| When did the Mycenaeans fall to invaders? | around 1150 BCE
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| What range of dates is known as the Dark Age? | 1100-800 BCE
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| What kept history alive during the Dark Ages? | oral tradition
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| Did trade and record keeping stop? | yes
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| What did people live in during the Dark Ages? | isolated villages
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| When did writing begin again? | 800 BCE
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| Whom did Greece borrow their alphabet from? | the Phoenicians
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| When did the Dark Ages end? | about 750 BCE
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| What did isolated villages grow into? | developed cities
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| What did cities become that were independent, self-governing units? | city-states
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| What range of dates were city-states very successful? | 600s-500s BCE
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| Acronym for city-states on Peloponnesus. | CMS
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| CMS | Cats Make Songs
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| Acronym for city-states on mainland. | DTMA
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| DTMA | Dogs Train Many Animals
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| Acronym for city-states on Crete. | K
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| K | Kk
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| Acronym for west seas. | AIM
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| AIM | Aim Is Mine
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| Aegean sounds like what? | Asian
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| So it must closer to? | Asia minor
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| Acronym for east land. | CP
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| CP | Cool Peeps!
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| Acronym for west land. | AmISRC
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| AmISRC | Am I So Really Crazy?!
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| Are coastal city-states or city-states in the midst of mountains more accepting of change? | coastal city-states
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| How did coastal settlements affect the lives of the Greeks? | It encouraged them to engage in overseas trade and made them prone to cultural diffusion.
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| How did the mountains affect the lives of the Greeks? How is this shown on the map? | It separated them into small, spread out, isolated regions and they all developed separately.
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| What larger time period was the Age of Expansion part of? | the Archaic Period
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| What were some characteristics of the Archaic Period? | The rediscovery of writing (Greeks adopted & added to the Phoenicians' alphabet), rise in living standards, more contact with outside world (through war & trade), art improved, first Olympic games held, & emigration started when Greece became overcrowded.
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| What is a bard? | a professional poet
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| How are bards important to understanding ancient Greek history? | They helped keep history alive during the Dark Ages through oral tradition.
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| Who was the most famous bard? | Homer
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| What was Homer known for? | Two epic poems: the Iliad and the Odyssey.
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| What the Iliad and the Odyssey the earliest examples of? | literature
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| emigration | Leaving your home country to settle elsewhere.
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| How did emigration lead to the expansion of Ancient Greece? | Different groups of Greeks set up colonies, claimed land, and therefore expanding Greece.
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| Why did people emigrate out of Greece? | It was overcrowded; more land, jobs, and resources elsewhere; and there were refugees from political disagreements.
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| What does emigration lead to? | immigration
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| It was from these expert sailors and metalworkers that the Greeks adopted the use of the arch. | Etruscans
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| Warlike people, famed for their cruelty. | Assyrians
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| Lived on the coast of modern-day Lebanon. | Phoenicians
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| From these people the Greeks acquired timber, glass, furniture, and purple cloth. | Phoenicians
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| People from the northern part of the Italian peninsula. | Etruscans
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| From these people the Greeks acquired wheat, salt, hides, and slaves. | Scythians
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| These people were the most successful traders and shipbuilders in the Mediterranean. | Phoenicians
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| One of these people's most famous city-states/colony was called Tyre. | Phoenicians
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| From these people the Greeks acquired goods like: papyrus, fine linen, perfume, some, and grains. | Egyptians
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| alliance | a formal written agreement between nations for a common cause
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| peninsula | a body of land that is surrounded on three sides by water
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| polis | an independent Greek state, consisting of a city and the surrounding countryside; city-state
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| isthmus | a narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land
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| aristocrat | a member of the most powerful class in ancient Greek society
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| archipelago | a group or chain of islands
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| colony | a settlement under the control of a usually distant country
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| Peloponnesus | a peninsula forming the southern part of mainland Greece
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| citizen | a person who has certain rights and duties in a city-state or nation
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| No point on mainland Greece was more than how far from the sea? | 40 miles
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| What was the Greeks' preferred method of transportation? | sailing
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| What did not continuing the use of running water and underground plumbing do? | it set development back
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| Why were the Minoans conquered? | a natural disaster (a tidal wave) hit them
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| How were the Mycenaeans' palaces different from the Minoans'? | Mycenaeans' solely functional, Minoans' also decorative.
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| Why were the Mycenaeans conquered? | They were weakened by internal conflict, over resources.
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| What was borrowing the Phoenicians' alphabet an example of? | cultural diffusion
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| What made the Dark Age end? | When people realized that they could trade and work together.
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| What did cities developing into city-states lead into? | the Age of Expansion
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| A warlike nomadic people that invaded Mycenae in 1150 BCE. | Dorians
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| What did Mycenaean palaces double as? | fortresses
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| What are the three qualifications a person must have to be considered a citizen in Athens? | Being male, over 18, and registered in their deme, or village community.
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| What are the four groups of people who did not have citizenship in Athens? | Women, slaves, metics, and children.
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| What are the two components of Athenian Democracy? | The Citizens' Assembly and the Council of 500.
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| In what ways other than the Council or Assembly could citizens participate in Athenian government? | In the Courts, serving on a jury, and/or voting.
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| Which part of Athenian Democracy had citizens selected at random every year for participation? | Council of 500
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| What happened to citizens who did not attend the assembly meetings in Athens? | They could not vote, which could result in decisions the absentees did not like.
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| Which part of Athenian Democracy was responsible for preparing and discussing bills? | Council of 500
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| Which part of Athenian Democracy was responsible for voting on the issues presented? | Citizens'Assembly
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| What is ostracism and how was it used in Athenian society? | The process by which less than admirable citizens were banned from participating in the government processes for 10 years. It took place with a vote from the Assembly, and it was a way to keep the democracy "pure."
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| What is the main difference between direct democracy and representative democracy? | Direct: citizens govern themselves directly
Representative: representatives elected by citizens govern a country
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| He considered the man who started true democracy in Athens. | Cleisthenes
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| He was responsible for first writing down the laws in Athens. | Draco
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| He created the Council of 500. | Cleisthenes
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| He ended debt slavery in Athens. | Solon
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| He revised the first set of written laws in Athens. | Solon
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| All crimes under his leadership were were punishable by death. | Draco
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| He set up the People's Court in Athens. | Solon
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| He created the Council of 400. | Solon
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| He reorganized membership and population count in Athens. | Cleisthenes
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| In a democracy, ruling power is in the hands of who? | all the people
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| demos | people
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| kratos | power
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| When did democracy arise in Athens? | circa 500-400 BCE
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| About how long did the democracy system stay in Athens? | about 100 years
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| Where did all government business take place in Athens? | the Acropolis
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| What was the Acropolis also considered to be? | a religious center
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| Citizens'Assembly | The main governing body.
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| Who was invited? | all 30,000 citizens
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| Out of the 30,000 citizens, how many actually came? | about 5,000
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| Who usually did not attend, even though they could? | the poor
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| Council of 500 | In charge of day-to-day running of the state.
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| How were decisions reached in the Citizen's Assembly? | debate and vote
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| How were the 500 citizens in the Council of 500 chosen? | annual lottery, drawing names out of a containor
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| Who were new laws and policies carried out and enforced by? | Strategoi
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| How many strategoi were chosen each year? | ten
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| How were strategoi selected? | annual election
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| Who was a strategoi turned democratic leader in Athens? | Pericles
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| What were Pericles' Four Principles of Democracy? | Personal ablility, to make choices; opportunity to get ahead through one's ability, not the social class one was born into; equality before law; and majority rules, what most people want.
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| monarchy | Ruling power in the hands of one person.
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| Who is the one person who usually rules in a monarchy? | a king
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| monos | single
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| arkhein | rule
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| What is the range of dates in which monarchies in Greece lasted from? | 2000-800 BCE
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| What ages did monarchies in Greece last through? | Minoan to Dark Age
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| Beyond the capital were what of people who paid taxes to the king? | villages
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| People obeyed the king's laws and turned to him for what? | protection
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| Who did kings rely on to enforce laws and make people pay taxes? | army generals
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| Who would take over after the kings death? | his oldest son
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| What would happen if there was no male in line for inheriting the throne? | Those with high military status battle to be the new monarch.
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| What year did Mycenaean monarchies end? | circa 1200 BCE
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| What age did Mycenaean monarchies end? | (the end of) the Mycenaean Age
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| Why did eastern trade routes begin to close? | fighting in Asia Minor
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| Why couldn't the Mycenaeans get to make weapons? | the eastern trade roots were closed
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| What did the people end up doing? | destroying each other
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| Who invaded Greece and destroyed the rest of the Mycenaean monarchy? | the Dorians
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| What did the Dorians invading and taking over, then leaving do to Greece? | It began their Dark Age.
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| Oligarchy | Ruling power in the hands of a few people.
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| Who influenced the idea of oligarchies? | the Dorians
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| What was the Dorians' form of oligarchy? | two army generals
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| Why did oligarchies start? | aristocrats were tired of paying taxes
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| Whose hands did the ruling power rest in? | A few selected wealthy people and some people who got power by birth.
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| oligos | few
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| What did the Dark Age usher in? | the rule of oligarchy
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| When did oligarchs rule in most city-states? | 800-650 BCE
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| What kinds of lives did oligarchs have? | good ones
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| How did oligarchs enforce their rule? | military strength
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| Did citizens in oligarchies have protections? | some
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| What did citizens lack in oligarchies? | political rights, e.g. voting
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| What did most city-states start to do after a while? | look for new leadership
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| What was the only city-state that remained an oligarchy? | Sparta
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| Why did tyrannies begin? | Citizens wanted a new kind of government because oligarchies lacked political rights.
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| What did tyrants do to come into power? | eliminate the current leader
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| tyranny | Ruling power is in the hands of a person who had seized control, often illegally.
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| How were were tyrants know for holding power? | using cruel and abusive means
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| tyrannos | usurper with supreme power
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| When did tyrannies arise in Greece? | mid 600s BCE
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| What age did tyrannies arise in Greece? | Age of Expansion
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| Why did tyrannies arise during the Age of Expansion? | tyrants took over other lands
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| What did the middle class demand to go with their contributions? | political and social privileges
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| What did the ruling oligarchs do? | they refused
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| Because of the refusal, what did former military leaders (soon to be tyrants) promise the middle class? | to help them
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| What did the tyrants actually do? | They reformed some laws, then became greedy when they became rich from the middle class's gifts.
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| Who was the last important tyrant? | Hippias
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| What was Hippias known for? | supreme cruelty
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| When was Hippias forced resign? | 510 BCE
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| Why was Hippias forced to resign? | Athenians and Spartan invaders
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| Why did the Athenians get the Spartans to help chase out Hippias? | Sparta had a strong military.
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| helot | a state slave in Ancient Sparta
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| ephor | one of the five elected officials who supervised the kings of Ancient Sparta
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| Council of Elders | a small group of Spartans who made all the important governing decisions
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| agora | a market place in Ancient Greece
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