Chapter 17 Anatomy & Physiology
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| Consists of structures located outside the thoracic cavity | Upper Respiratory Track
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| consists of structure located inside the thoracic cavity | Lower Respiratory Track
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| consists of the nose nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx | Upper Respiratory Track
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| the small hairs that are inside the nostrils | Cilia
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| separates the nasal cavity from the mouth | Palate
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| boney part of the palate | Hard palate
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| Soft tissue continuation of hard plate | Soft palate
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| separates oropharynx and nasopharynx | Soft palate
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| elevated during swallowing to prevent bolus from entering nasopharynx | Soft palate
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| "punching bag" on the soft palate | Uvula
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| bone and soft tissue that Separates the cavity into two halves. | nasal septum
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| 3 curly bones on each lateral wall | Conchae
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| these bones create narrow passages, ensuring that most air contacts the mucous membrane on the way through. | Conchae
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| dust sticks to the mucosa from these bones, which is then swallowed | Conchae
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| the muscular tube just behind the nasal and oral cavities. | Pharynx
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| extends from the posterior nares to the soft palate. | Nasopharynx
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| it contains openings for the right and left auditory tubes | Nasopharynx
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| The space between the soft palate and the base of the tongue | Oropharynx
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| it contains the palatine tonsils as well as the lingual tonsils | Oropharynx
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| passes dorsal to the larynx and connects to the esophagus | Laryngopharynx
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| Turbulence warms and humidifies air and traps particles in mucus | Condition air
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| Chemoreceptors from CN 1 that come through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid b. for smell | olfactory receptors
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| Air filled cavities in the frontal, maxillae, ethmiod and sphenoid bones | Paranasal sinuses
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| passages of air and food | Oropharynx
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| contains Stratified squamous epithelium | Oropharynx
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| Contains the pharyngeal tonsils | Nasopharynx
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| lies between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea | Larynx
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| often is called the voice box | Larynx
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| it prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea | Larynx
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| it acts as an air passageway between the pharynx and trachea | Larynx
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| it produces sound | Larynx
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| Closes over the top the larynx during swallowing to direct food and liquids in the esophagus | Epiglottis
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| also known as the Adams apple | Thyroid Cartilage
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| the opening between the vocal cords | Glottis
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| lies right in front of the esophagus | Trachea
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| the ridged tube that is about 4-5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter | Trachea
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| know as the wind pipe | Trachea
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| extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi at a structure called the _________. | Carina
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| like the trachea, it is supported by a "c" shaped rings of cartilage | Primary Bronchi
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| the primary bronchi branches into the | Secondary Bronchi
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| the secondary bronchi branches into | tertiary bronchi
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| very small airways that branch from the tertiary bronchi | Bronchioles
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| Alveolar ducts throughout the lungs terminate in clusters of alveoli are called | Alveolar Sacs
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| the primary structures for gas exchange | Alveolar Sacs
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| the exchange of air occurs though what's called the ___________ | Respiratory membrane
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| the substance that helps reduce surface tension | Surfactant
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| Millions o fair sacs where bronchioles terminate and where gas exchange occurs | Alveoli
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| Elastic connective tissues connects ______ | Alveoli
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| the junction between the capillary and the alveolus | Respiratory membrane
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| they extend from just above the clavicles to the diaphragm and lie against the anterior and posterior ribs | Lungs
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| the medial portion of each of these is concave to allow room for the heart and great vessels | Lungs
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| the pulmonary blood vessels enter each lung through an opening in the lung's medial surface called | Hilum
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| in a space called the plural cavity | Lungs
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| the base of each lung rest on the | Diaphragm
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| the top, or _____, of each lung extends about 1/2 (1.3 cm) above the first rib | Apex
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| the right lung has how many lobes | Three
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| the left lung has how many lobes | two
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| the fissure in the left lung that separates the superior and inferior lobes | Oblique
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| the fissure in the right lung that separates the superior and middle lobes | Horizontal
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| The fissure in the right lung that separates the middle and inferior lobes | Oblique
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| A serous membrane that covers the surface of the lungs, extending into the fissures | Visceral Pleura
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| lines the entire thoracic cavity | Parietal Pleura
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| the space between the visceral and parietal Pleurae | Pleural Cavity
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| the pleural cavity is only a _______ space | Potential
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| It lubricates the pleural surfaces, allowing the two surface to glide painlessly against each other as the lungs expand and contracts | Pleural fluid
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| It Creates a pressure gradient that assists in lung inflation | Pleural fluid
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| the repetitive process of inhaling | Inspiration
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| the repetitive process of exhaling | Expiration
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| it occurs from one inspiration and one expiration | Respiratory Cycle
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| in inspiration: muscles pull the ribs upward, widening the thoracic cavity | External intercostal
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| In inspiration: it Helps elevate the ribs | Internal Intercostal
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| In inspiration: it contracts, flattens and drops, pressing the abdominal organs downward and enlarging the thoracic cavity | Diaphragm
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| IN expiration: muscles that pull the ribs downward as the external intercostals relax | Internal Intercostal
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| IN Expiration: it relaxes, bulging upward and pressing against the base of the lungs, reducing the size of the thoracic cavity | Diaphragm
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| muscles of the neck and chest contact to help elevate the chest | Deep Inspiration
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| such as when singing or shouting-- the rectus abdominis and external abdominals obliques contract to pull down ribs and sternum, further reducing chest size and expelling air more rapidly | Forced Expiration
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| the medulla contains how many interconnected centers that control breathing | Two
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| the primary respiratory center | Inspiratory Center
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| sends impulses to the intercostal muscles and to the diaphragm | Inspiratory Center
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| stimulates the inspiratory center to increase the length and depth of inspiration | Apneustic center
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| inhabits both the apneustic center and the inspiratory center | Pneumotaxic Center
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| contributes to a normal breathing rhythm and prevents overinflation of the lungs | Pneumotaxic Center
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| when more forceful exhalations are needed, such as in exercise, this sends impulses to the abdominal and other accessory muscles | Expiratory Center
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| the pressure between the visceral and parietal pleurae, which assists with lung expansion | Intrapleural pressure
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| the pressure within the bronchi and alveoli | Intrapulmonic pressure
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| the movement of air to and from alveoli | Ventilation
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| also known as inspiration | Inhalation
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| also known as expiration | Exhalation
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| breathing in | Inhalation
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| Breathing out | Exhalation
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| rhythmicity controlled from the medulla and pons (vital centers) | Nervous Regulation
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| Impulse carried by phrenic and intercostal nerves | Nervous Regulation
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| the elasticity in the lungs | pulmonary compliance
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| the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing | Tidal volume
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| the amount of air inhaled using maximum effort after a normal inspiration | Inspiratory reserve volume
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| the amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration by using maximum effort | Expiratory reserve volume
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| this air ensures that the gas exchange continues even between breaths | Residual Volume
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| the amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled with the deepest possible breath | Vital Capacity
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| the maximum amount of air that the lungs can contain | Total lung capacity
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| Volume breathed in one minute | Minute Respiratory Volume
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| Tidal volume x bpm | Minute Respiratory Volume
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| the amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli | Alveolar Ventilation
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| Air NOT in the alveoli with inhalation | Anatomical dead space
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| occurs normally as air makes its way to the alveoli | Anatomical dead space
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| includes all air in conducting airways plus the air in any alveoli that are poorly perfused and, therefore, less efficient in gas exchange | Physiological dead space
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| Volume in non-functioning alveoli | Physiological dead space
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| the contribution of single gas in a mixture of gases toward the total pressure of the gas mixture | Partial pressure
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| The process in which our bodies make energy | Cellur/internal Respiration
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| in the lungs, the oxygen forms a weak bond with the iron portion of hemoglobin, creating | Oxyhemoglobin
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| travels through the circulatory system to the tissue cells | Oxyhemoglobin
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| C02 is also carried on hemoglobin when the 02 leaves (about 20%) this forms | Carbaminohemoglobin
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| the opening between the vocal cords | Glottis
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| opening on the lung's medial surface through which primary bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels pass | Hilum
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| one smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes | Bronchioles
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| Air sac in the lungs | Alveolus
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| the two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs that serve as passageways for air | Bronchi
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