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Respiratory System
Chapter 17 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consists of structures located outside the thoracic cavity | Upper Respiratory Track |
| consists of structure located inside the thoracic cavity | Lower Respiratory Track |
| consists of the nose nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx | Upper Respiratory Track |
| the small hairs that are inside the nostrils | Cilia |
| separates the nasal cavity from the mouth | Palate |
| boney part of the palate | Hard palate |
| Soft tissue continuation of hard plate | Soft palate |
| separates oropharynx and nasopharynx | Soft palate |
| elevated during swallowing to prevent bolus from entering nasopharynx | Soft palate |
| "punching bag" on the soft palate | Uvula |
| bone and soft tissue that Separates the cavity into two halves. | nasal septum |
| 3 curly bones on each lateral wall | Conchae |
| these bones create narrow passages, ensuring that most air contacts the mucous membrane on the way through. | Conchae |
| dust sticks to the mucosa from these bones, which is then swallowed | Conchae |
| the muscular tube just behind the nasal and oral cavities. | Pharynx |
| extends from the posterior nares to the soft palate. | Nasopharynx |
| it contains openings for the right and left auditory tubes | Nasopharynx |
| The space between the soft palate and the base of the tongue | Oropharynx |
| it contains the palatine tonsils as well as the lingual tonsils | Oropharynx |
| passes dorsal to the larynx and connects to the esophagus | Laryngopharynx |
| Turbulence warms and humidifies air and traps particles in mucus | Condition air |
| Chemoreceptors from CN 1 that come through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid b. for smell | olfactory receptors |
| Air filled cavities in the frontal, maxillae, ethmiod and sphenoid bones | Paranasal sinuses |
| passages of air and food | Oropharynx |
| contains Stratified squamous epithelium | Oropharynx |
| Contains the pharyngeal tonsils | Nasopharynx |
| lies between the root of the tongue and the upper end of the trachea | Larynx |
| often is called the voice box | Larynx |
| it prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea | Larynx |
| it acts as an air passageway between the pharynx and trachea | Larynx |
| it produces sound | Larynx |
| Closes over the top the larynx during swallowing to direct food and liquids in the esophagus | Epiglottis |
| also known as the Adams apple | Thyroid Cartilage |
| the opening between the vocal cords | Glottis |
| lies right in front of the esophagus | Trachea |
| the ridged tube that is about 4-5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter | Trachea |
| know as the wind pipe | Trachea |
| extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi at a structure called the _________. | Carina |
| like the trachea, it is supported by a "c" shaped rings of cartilage | Primary Bronchi |
| the primary bronchi branches into the | Secondary Bronchi |
| the secondary bronchi branches into | tertiary bronchi |
| very small airways that branch from the tertiary bronchi | Bronchioles |
| Alveolar ducts throughout the lungs terminate in clusters of alveoli are called | Alveolar Sacs |
| the primary structures for gas exchange | Alveolar Sacs |
| the exchange of air occurs though what's called the ___________ | Respiratory membrane |
| the substance that helps reduce surface tension | Surfactant |
| Millions o fair sacs where bronchioles terminate and where gas exchange occurs | Alveoli |
| Elastic connective tissues connects ______ | Alveoli |
| the junction between the capillary and the alveolus | Respiratory membrane |
| they extend from just above the clavicles to the diaphragm and lie against the anterior and posterior ribs | Lungs |
| the medial portion of each of these is concave to allow room for the heart and great vessels | Lungs |
| the pulmonary blood vessels enter each lung through an opening in the lung's medial surface called | Hilum |
| in a space called the plural cavity | Lungs |
| the base of each lung rest on the | Diaphragm |
| the top, or _____, of each lung extends about 1/2 (1.3 cm) above the first rib | Apex |
| the right lung has how many lobes | Three |
| the left lung has how many lobes | two |
| the fissure in the left lung that separates the superior and inferior lobes | Oblique |
| the fissure in the right lung that separates the superior and middle lobes | Horizontal |
| The fissure in the right lung that separates the middle and inferior lobes | Oblique |
| A serous membrane that covers the surface of the lungs, extending into the fissures | Visceral Pleura |
| lines the entire thoracic cavity | Parietal Pleura |
| the space between the visceral and parietal Pleurae | Pleural Cavity |
| the pleural cavity is only a _______ space | Potential |
| It lubricates the pleural surfaces, allowing the two surface to glide painlessly against each other as the lungs expand and contracts | Pleural fluid |
| It Creates a pressure gradient that assists in lung inflation | Pleural fluid |
| the repetitive process of inhaling | Inspiration |
| the repetitive process of exhaling | Expiration |
| it occurs from one inspiration and one expiration | Respiratory Cycle |
| in inspiration: muscles pull the ribs upward, widening the thoracic cavity | External intercostal |
| In inspiration: it Helps elevate the ribs | Internal Intercostal |
| In inspiration: it contracts, flattens and drops, pressing the abdominal organs downward and enlarging the thoracic cavity | Diaphragm |
| IN expiration: muscles that pull the ribs downward as the external intercostals relax | Internal Intercostal |
| IN Expiration: it relaxes, bulging upward and pressing against the base of the lungs, reducing the size of the thoracic cavity | Diaphragm |
| muscles of the neck and chest contact to help elevate the chest | Deep Inspiration |
| such as when singing or shouting-- the rectus abdominis and external abdominals obliques contract to pull down ribs and sternum, further reducing chest size and expelling air more rapidly | Forced Expiration |
| the medulla contains how many interconnected centers that control breathing | Two |
| the primary respiratory center | Inspiratory Center |
| sends impulses to the intercostal muscles and to the diaphragm | Inspiratory Center |
| stimulates the inspiratory center to increase the length and depth of inspiration | Apneustic center |
| inhabits both the apneustic center and the inspiratory center | Pneumotaxic Center |
| contributes to a normal breathing rhythm and prevents overinflation of the lungs | Pneumotaxic Center |
| when more forceful exhalations are needed, such as in exercise, this sends impulses to the abdominal and other accessory muscles | Expiratory Center |
| the pressure between the visceral and parietal pleurae, which assists with lung expansion | Intrapleural pressure |
| the pressure within the bronchi and alveoli | Intrapulmonic pressure |
| the movement of air to and from alveoli | Ventilation |
| also known as inspiration | Inhalation |
| also known as expiration | Exhalation |
| breathing in | Inhalation |
| Breathing out | Exhalation |
| rhythmicity controlled from the medulla and pons (vital centers) | Nervous Regulation |
| Impulse carried by phrenic and intercostal nerves | Nervous Regulation |
| the elasticity in the lungs | pulmonary compliance |
| the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing | Tidal volume |
| the amount of air inhaled using maximum effort after a normal inspiration | Inspiratory reserve volume |
| the amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration by using maximum effort | Expiratory reserve volume |
| this air ensures that the gas exchange continues even between breaths | Residual Volume |
| the amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled with the deepest possible breath | Vital Capacity |
| the maximum amount of air that the lungs can contain | Total lung capacity |
| Volume breathed in one minute | Minute Respiratory Volume |
| Tidal volume x bpm | Minute Respiratory Volume |
| the amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli | Alveolar Ventilation |
| Air NOT in the alveoli with inhalation | Anatomical dead space |
| occurs normally as air makes its way to the alveoli | Anatomical dead space |
| includes all air in conducting airways plus the air in any alveoli that are poorly perfused and, therefore, less efficient in gas exchange | Physiological dead space |
| Volume in non-functioning alveoli | Physiological dead space |
| the contribution of single gas in a mixture of gases toward the total pressure of the gas mixture | Partial pressure |
| The process in which our bodies make energy | Cellur/internal Respiration |
| in the lungs, the oxygen forms a weak bond with the iron portion of hemoglobin, creating | Oxyhemoglobin |
| travels through the circulatory system to the tissue cells | Oxyhemoglobin |
| C02 is also carried on hemoglobin when the 02 leaves (about 20%) this forms | Carbaminohemoglobin |
| the opening between the vocal cords | Glottis |
| opening on the lung's medial surface through which primary bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels pass | Hilum |
| one smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes | Bronchioles |
| Air sac in the lungs | Alveolus |
| the two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs that serve as passageways for air | Bronchi |
Created by:
Leci81
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