medical terminology
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| Inspection | Using the eyes or an instrument to examine the external surfaces or internal cavities of the body
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| Palpatation | Using the fingers to feel masses or enlarged organs or to detect tenderness or pain
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| Percussion | Using the fingers of one hand to tap on the fingers of the other hand that is spread over a body cavity
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| Auscultation | Using a stethoscope to listen to the sounds of the heart/lungs or intestines
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| Supine | Lying on the back
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| Prone | Lying face down
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| Chronic | A continuing illness for 3 months or more
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| Acute | Sudden in nature and sever in intensity
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| Enter/o | Intestine
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| Hemat/o | Blood
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| Hem/o | Blood
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| Hepato/o | Liver
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| Psych/o | Mind
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| Orth/o | Sstraight
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| Arth/o | Joint
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| Neur/o | Nerve
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| Cardi/o | Heart
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| Gastr/o | Stomach
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| Log/o | Word; the study of
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| Ped/i; ped/o | Child
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| Latr/o | Physician; medical treatment
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| His/o | Tissue
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| Morph/o | Shape
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| Nephr/o | Kidney
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| My/o | Muscle
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| Cyt/o | Cell
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| Lip/o | Lipid (fat)
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| Intestin/o | Intestine
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| -ac | pertaining to
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| -ia | condition; state; thing
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| -log (-logy; -logist) | the study of
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| -ist | one who specializes in
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| -ics | knowledge; practice
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| -y | condition or process of
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| -ician | skilled professional or expert
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| -itis | inflammation of; infection of
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| -ectomy | surgical exasion
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| -stomy | surgically created opening
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| -tomy | process of cutting or making an incision
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| -osis | condition
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| -pathy | disease; suffering
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| -scope | instrument used to examine
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| -scopy | process of using an instrument to examine
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| -therapy | treatment
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| -ous | pertaining to
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| -oma | tumor; mass
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -iatry | medical treatment
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| a- | away from; without
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| an- | without; not
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| dys- | painful; difficult; abnormal
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| hyper- | above; more than normal
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| hypo- | below; dificent
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| inter- | between
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| intra- | within
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| mal- | bad; inadequate
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| peri- | around
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| sub- | below; underneath
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| pre- | before; in front of
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| post- | after; behind
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| endo- | innermost; within
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| nosocomial | disease caused by exposure to an infection while the patient is in the hospital (ex: surgical wound infection)
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| Iatrogenic | disease caused by medicine or treatment given to a patient (ex: wrong drug/blood)
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| RUQ | Right upper quadrant
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| RLQ | Right lower quandrant
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| LUQ | Left upper quandrant
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| LLQ | Left lower quandrant
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| cyst/ol | urinary bladder; cyst, sac of fluid
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| or/o; stomat/o; stom/o | mouth
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| gloss/o; lingu/o | tongue
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| cheil/o; labi/o | lip
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| dent/o; odont/o | tooth
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| gingiv/o | gum
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| sial/o | saliva
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| ptyal/o | saliva
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| phag/o | eat, swallow
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| aden/o | gland
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| pylor/o | pylorus; pyloric sphincter
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| melan/o | black
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| gluc/o; glyc/o | glucose; sugar
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| duonden/o | duodenum
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| append/o; appendic/o | appendix
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| lith/o | stone; calculus
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| col/o; colon/o | colon (large intestine)
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| rect/o | rectum
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| proct/o | anus/rectum
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| an/o | anus
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| hepat/o | liver
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| chol/e; bil/i | bile; gall
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| cholangi/o | bile; vessel
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| lapar/o; abdomin/o | abdominal wall/abdomen
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| peritone/o | peritoneum
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| herni/o | hernia
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| diverticul/o | diverticulum
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| polyp/o | polyp; small growth
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| cholelith/o | gallstone
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| steat/o; lipid/o; adip/o | fat; sebum
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| -pradial | meal
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| -dynia | pain
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| -algia | painful condition
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| -centesis | procedure to puncture
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| -rrhea | flow, discharge
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| -rrhaphy | procedure of sutering
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| -rrhage | excessive flow or discharge
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| -genesis | producing; forming
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| -emia | condition of the blood/substance of the blood
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| -ase | enzyme
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| -plasty | process of reshaping by suregery
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| -phagia | abnormal condition of eating or swallowing
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| -ism | process; disease from a specific cause
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| -lith | stone
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| -cele | hernia
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| -ptosis | droop, sag; prolapse, protrude
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| -cyte | cell
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| -pexy | process of surgically fixing in place
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| -graph | instrument used to record
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -gram | a record or picture
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| l-emesis | condition of vomitting
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| -tripsy | process of crushing
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| -rexia |
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| -al | pertaining to
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| -ptysis | abnormal condition of coughing up
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| -stenosis | tightening; stricture
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| anti- | against
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| dia- | complete; through
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| epi- | above; upon; on
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| poly- | many; much
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| hemi- | half
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| retro- | behind, back backward
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| Barium enema | uses liquid radiopaque contrast to outline the rectum and colon to identify polyps, colon ca, etc.
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| Barium swallow | uses barium to coat the walls of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (ulcers, tumors, or obstruction)
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| Cholangiography | uses dye to outline the bile ducts to show stones in the gallbladder/bile ducts
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| Endoscopy (esophiagoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy) | uses an endoscope to internally examine the gastrointestinal tract
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| stool guaiac | stool mixed with the chemical guaiac to test for blood
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| biopsyculture and sensitivity | diagnostic test of a culture to determine which bacterium is causing an infection
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| Anastomosis | join together two hollow organs
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| Lithotripsy | uses shock waves to break up stones
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| paracentesis | remove fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity through a pucture
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| nasogastric intubation | insertion of a plastic tube through the nose down into the stomach for feeding/administering drugs
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| Laparoscopic sugery | surgery is performed through small incisions as opposed to larger incision
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| Antacids | treats heartburn or peptic ulcers by neutralizing acid in the stomach (Maalox/mylanta/tums)
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| Antidiarrheals | treats diarrhea slows peristalsis which increases water absorption from feces (Imodium/Lomotil)
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| Antiemetics | treats nausea/vomiting/motion sickness (Dramamine/medizine/compazine
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| Emetics | to induce vomitting
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| Diarrhea | abnormal frequent loose watery stools
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| Ascites | accumulation of fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity
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| Thrush | Oral infection caused by yeast overgrowth
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| Esophageal Varices | Swollen protruding veins in the mucous of the lower esophagus or stomach
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| Gastroesophageal relux | chronic inflammation and irritation due to stomach acid in the esophagus
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| Ulcer | An erosion ot the mucosa
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| Emesis | vomiting; expelling food from the stomach
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| Crohn disease | inflammation of the ileum and colon, can cause a partial obstruction
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| Polyp | small, fleshy, benign or precancerous growth in the mucous of the colon
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| Intussusception | One segment of the intestine telescopes into the lumen of the next segment/vomiting and/or abdominal pain
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| irritable bowel syndrome | disorder of the function of the colon cramping, abdominal pain, diarrhea alternation with constipation
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| volvulus | twisting of the intestine around itself due to a structural abnormality of the mesentery vomiting and abdominal pain
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| fistula | abnormal connection or passageway between two organs
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| cirrhosis | chronic, progressive inflammation of the liver
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| Ileus | abnormal absense of peristalis in the small or large instestine
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| cachexia | wasting syndrome loss of weight; muscle atropy, fatigue, weakness
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| constipation | failure to have regular, soft, bowel movements
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| hernia | weakness in the abdominal wall muscle causing the intestine to bulge
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| jaundice | yellow discolorin of the skin and the whites of the eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood, due to the liver not working correctly
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| melena | dark, tar-like feces due to digested blood
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| polyposis | large amounts of polyps
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| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| GI | Gastrointestinal
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| NG | NasogastricN
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| PO | by mouth
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| C&S | Culture and sensistivelty
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