Chapter 15 Anatomy & Physiology
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| carries blood AWAY from the heart | Arteries
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| Carries blood TOWARDS the heart | Veins
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| Connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins | Capillaries
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| results from the pressure of blood against a weakened area in the wall of an artery. | Aneurysm
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| Veins are sometimes called _________ vessels because of their capacity for storing blood. | Capacitance
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| Results when fluid filters out the capillaries faster then it's absorbed and accumulates in the tissues. | Edema
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| the most important mechanism of capillary exchange. | Diffusion
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| the circulatory system that begins at the left ventricle and involves the circulation of blood though the body. | Systemic
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| the circulatory system that begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation of blood through the lungs. | Pulmonary
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| unique capillary found in the liver and bone marrow that allows for passage of large substances, such as proteins. | Sinusoid
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| where nutrients, waste, and hormones are transferred between the blood and tissues. | Capillaries
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| Capillaries are called the ________ vessels of the circulatory system. | Exchange
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| They are also called Resistance Vessels. | Arterioles
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| connected to capillaries by short connecting vessels called metarterioles. | Arterioles
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| these arteries carry blood further away from the heart to specific organs and areas of the body. | Distributing Arteries
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| Also know as Muscular arteries. | Distributing Arteries
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| These arteries are smaller in diameter then elastic arteries | Distributing Arteries
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| The body's largest arteries | Conducting Arteries
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| these arteries expand as blood surges into them and recoils when the ventricles relax. | Conducting Arteries
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| they are also known as elastic arteries. | Conducting Arteries
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| the walls of both arteries and veins. | Tunics
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| the innermost layer, is exposed to the blood. | Tunic intima
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| it consists of a simple squamous epithelium called endothelium. | Tunic intima
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| its smooth surface keeps blood flowing freely, without sticking to the vessel wall. | Tunic intima
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| this layer also produces chemicals that causes the blood vessels to dilate or constrict. | Tunic intima
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| known as the middle layer and is the thickest layer. | Tunic Media
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| composed with smooth muscle and elastic tissue, it allows the blood to change diameter | Tunic Media
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| the smooth muscle in this layer is innervated by the autonomic nervous system. | Tunic Media
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| known as the outer layer | Tunic Externa
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| this layer is made of strong, flexible, fibrous connective tissue. | Tunic Externa
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| this layer supports and protects the blood vessel. | Tunic Externa
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| in veins this is the thickest of the three layers | Tunic Externa
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| in arteries, it's usually a little thinner then the middle layer. | Tunic Externa
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| result from a congenital weakness of the vessel wall, trauma, or bacterial infection. | Aneurysm
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| these are the smallest veins and collect blood from capillaries. | Venules
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| have very thin walls, consisting of little more then a few endothelial cells. | Venules
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| they are porous and can exchange fluid with surrounding tissue. | Venules
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| formed by the convergence venules on their route toward the heart. | Medium-sized veins
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| these veins have a thinker, more elastic walls. | Medium-sized veins
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| these veins contain one-way valves. | Medium-sized veins
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| formed from the thin endothelium lining, this veins valves keep blood moving toward the heart and prevent backflow. | Medium-sized veins
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| veins in the legs, which must fight the forces of gravity as they transport blood to the heart. | Medium-sized veins
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| this vein contains the most valves | Medium-sized veins
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| formed by medium-sized veins converge | Large veins
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| these veins have a think tunic externa | Large veins
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| these vessels are composed of only an endothelium and basement membrane. | Capillaries
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| have extremely thin walls through which substances can filter. | Capillaries
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| have very small diameters, barely wide enough for red blood cells to pass. | Capillaries
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| Capillaries are organized into networks called | Capillary beds
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| Capillaries form what is called the ___________. | Microcirculation
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| they are the beginning of each capillary bed and regulates the flow of blood into the network. | Precapillary sphincter
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| a mechanism use by capillaries to release chemicals, including oxygen, glucose, hormones, and nutrients that will be used by surrounding tissues. | Diffusion
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| A mechanism use by capillaries to tale up waste, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. | Filtration
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| The mechanism used to take up substances that need to be transported to other parts of the body. these include glucose, calcium, antibodies, and hormones. | Filtration
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| the mechanism where water moves in and out of capillaries | Osmosis
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| Diffusion is based on | Concentration
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| Filtration is based on | Pressure
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| Osmosis is based on concentration BUT though a ____________ membrane (the endothelium) | Selectivity Permeable
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| A system of vessels in which blood passes though a capillary network, a large vessel, and then another capillary network before returning to the systematic circulation. | Portal System
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| A natural connection between two vessels | Anastomosis
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| The mechanism that occurs on the arterial side of the capillary bed | Filtration
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| the mechanism that occurs on the Venous side of the capillary bed | Osmosis
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| Provide an alternate route of blood in case a vessel becomes obstructed | Anastomosis
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| The body contains how may major pathways of circulation ? | two
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| Pathway of circulation that begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation blood through the lungs. | Pulmonary Circulation
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| the pathway of Circulation that begins at the left ventricle and involves circulation of blood through the body. | Systemic Circulation
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| Routes blood to and from the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen | Pulmonary Circulation
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| the pathway of circulation that supplies oxygen and nutrients to organs and removes waste | Systemic Circulation
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| Pulmonary circulation starts at the | Right Ventricle
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| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the right ventricle travels to the | Pulmonary Trunk
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| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the Pulmonary Trunk travels to the | Left & Right Pulmonary Arteries
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| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries Travels to the | Lungs
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| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood From the Lungs travels to the | Right & Left Pulmonary Veins
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| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the Right and left Pulmonary veins travel to the | Left Atrium
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| Pulmonary Arteries carry what kind of blood? | Deoxygenated
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| Pulmonary Veins Carry what kind of Blood? | Oxygenated
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| Pulmonary Circulation is the opposite of what Pathway of circulation? | Systemic Circulation
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| Systemic Circulation is the opposite of what pathway of circulation? | Pulmonary Circulation
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| Systemic Circulation begins in the | Left Ventricle
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Left ventricle travels to the | Aorta
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Aorta travels to the | Arteries
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Arteries travel to the | Arterioles
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood form the Arterioles travel to the | Capillaries
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Capillaries travels to the | Veins
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Veins travels to the | Superior Vena Cava
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| In Systemic Circulation: Blood From the Superior Vena Cava travels to the | Right Atrium
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| The first Artery leave the heart is the | Aorta
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| the left and right coronary arteries branch off of the __________ aorta to supply blood to the myocardium. | Ascending
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| Curves over the heart and turns downward behind the heart, making a inverted "U" shape. | Aortic Arch
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| though its branches, it supplies blood to the head and the right arm. | Brachiocephalic Artery
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| These Arteries extends into the neck | Common Carotid Arteries
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| This Artery supply blood to the left shoulder and upper arm | Left Subclavian Artery
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| The _________ Aorta travels downward dorsal to the heart though the thoracic and abdominal cavities | Descending
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| these Arteries supply blood to the lower pelvis and the leg | Common iliac Arteries
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| The_______ Aorta and it branches, supply the chest wall and organs within the thoracic cavity | Thoracic
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| ______ trunk, divides in the gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the hepatic artery. | Celiac
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| The artery that supplies the stomach | Gastric
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| The artery that supplies the Spleen | Splenic
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| the Artery that supplies the Liver | Hepatic
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| the artery that supplies the kidneys | Renal
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| _________ mesenteric Artery, supplies most of the small intestine and part of the colon | Superior
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| _________ mesenteric artery, supplies most of the colon and large intestine | Inferior
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| this artery Supplies blood to the arm | Subclavian
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| the artery that is the continuation of the subclavian artery in the axillary region | Axillary
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| the artery that is the continuation of the axillary artery and the artery most used for routine blood pressure measurement | Brachial
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| the artery that is often palpated to measure a pulse | Radial
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| the arteries that supply the pelvic organs, thighs, and lower extremities | Common Iliac arteries
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| Circle of arteries at the base of the brain | Circle of Willis
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| The _______ jugular vein drains most the blood from the brain. | Internal
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| this vein, at its distal end, is a frequent site for the administration of intravenous fluids | Cephalic Vein
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| the vein that is the most common site for drawing blood | Median Cubital
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| this vein runs behind the knee. | Popliteal
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| this vein drains the liver. | Hepatic
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| this vein is the longest vein in the body | Great Saphenous Vein
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| theses veins, reside near the body's surface, such as veins in the back of the hand | Superficial Veins
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| veins that lie deep, well=protected areas, often alongside bones and their corresponding artery. | Deep Veins
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| the difference in pressure between two structures | Pressure Gradient
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| As the left ventricle contracts, it ejects blood into the aorta, producing a typical, normal pressure of 110mm Hg. | Systolic Pressure
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| When a ventricle Relaxes, the pressure drops to an average of 70mm Hg | Diastolic Pressure
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| Blood pressure consistently higher then 140mm Hg Systolic, over 90mm Hg Diastolic | Hypertension
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| The force the blood exerts against the walls of vessels. | Blood Pressure
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| Measured in mmHg | Blood Pressure
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| Blood Pressure in the pulmonary circulation | Pulmonary BP
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| Blood pressure in the systemic circulation | Systemic BP
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| pressure when the left ventricle contracts. usually 90-120mm Hg | Systolic
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| Pressure when the left ventricle contracts. usually 60-80mm Hg | Diastolic
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| Secreted by the adrenal medulla when the body is under stress | Epinephrine and Norepinphrine
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| Secreted by the adrenal medulla when blood pressure falls | Aldosterone
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| Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland when the water content of the body falls | ADH
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| released by the heart's atria when elevated blood pressure stretches the walls of the heart | ANP
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| The Vasomotor Center is in the | Medulla
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| Vasoconstrictor area sends signals to the__________ nervous system | Sympathetic
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| Vasodilator area sends signals to the __________ Nervous system | Parasympathetic
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| the reduction in the diameter of a vessel | Vasoconstriction
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| increase in the diameter of a vessel | Vasodilation
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| the body's chief vein, which serves to return blood to the heart | Vena Cava
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| Resistance to blood flow resulting from friction of blood against the walls e vessels | Peripheral resistance
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| the area in the medulla of the brain that send impulses to alter blood vessel diameter and therefore blood pressure | Vasomotor Center
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| Muscles that surround the leg Veins and aid in venous return | Skeletal Muscle Pump
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| the process of breathing, also promotes the flow of venous blood in the thoracic and abdominal cavities | Respiratory Pump
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| Stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium | Aldosterone
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| Promotes Vasoconstriction and water retention | ADH
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| stimulates the kidneys to excrete sodium, reducing blood volume | ANP
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