Intestinal Protozoa - Amoeba
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| What is the definition of dysentery | diarrhea with gross or occult blood in stool
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| What is considered persistent diarrhea? | >= 14 days
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| what is the peak age of incidence in developing countries? | 6-11 months of age
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| What is the definition of diarrhea? | 3 or more liquid stools within 24 hour period (not including breast-feeding babies)
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| true/false: diarrheal and respiratory diseases are the leading causes of deaths in the developing world | true: 3.2-3.5 million/year!
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| How often are the etiologic agents for diarrhea identified? | <60% of the cases
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| What three known parasites cause diarrhea? | Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica
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| Which parasite is a major cause of diarrhea in patients with AIDS? | Cryptosporidium parvum
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| What three invasive diseases in addition to diarrhea does Entamoeba histolytica cause? | dysentery, colitis, liver abscess
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| What are 5 risk factos for amebiasis? | 1.hispanic/asian/pacific islander (50% of reported cases) 2. travelers 3. institutions for mentally retarded 4. Men who have sex with men 5. male (90% amebic liver abscesses are in men)
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| What are the symptoms of amebic colitis? | 1. symptoms greater than 1 wk. 2. diarrhea 3. heme + stool 4. weight loss 5. fever >38 C
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| Why is diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica difficult? | Microscopy cannot distinguish betw. E. histolytica and E. dispar and E. moshkovskii which are nonpathogenic
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| Which is the most sensitive and specific way to diagnose amebic colitis? | Stool antigen test
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| Who is more likely to get amebic liver abscess, males or females? | Males:females 10:1
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| What are the symptoms and labs abnormalities in amebic liver abscess? | symptoms greater than 4 wks, diarrhea, fever, right upper quadrant pain, leukocytosis, anemia abnormal liver enzymes, elevated bilirubin
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| What is the most sensitive method for detecting amebic liver abscess? | Serum Antigen (unlike with colitis)
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| What is the tissue active agent for amebiasis? | Metronidazole or tinidazole or ornidazole
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| What is the luminal agent for amebic colitis? | paromomycin
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