Pharmacological Treatment of Influenza, RSV and Epiglottitis- Bridges 1/10/13
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| Patients at high risk for complications due to Influenza are | Children under 2, adults over 65, immunocompromised
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| Two classes of drugs for influenza treatment | Neuraminidase inhibitors and Adamantanes
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| Mechanism of action for neruaminidase inhibitors | Prevents virus from being released from the HA and infecting other cells, shortens duration and severity of infection
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| Neuramindidase inhibitors are effective against | Influenza A and B
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| Neuraminidase inhibitors (drugs) | Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
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| Oseltamivir/Zanamivir is giving (when?) | Prophylactically within the first 48 hours of exposure
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| Oseltamivir is given (how?) | Orally
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| Adverse effects of Oseltamivir | Nausea and vomiting, Neuropsychiatric events (especially in elderly)
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| Adverse effects of Zanamivir | Bronchospasm
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| Zanamivir is given (how?) | Inhalation
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| Zanamivir and Oseltamivir both interfere with what? | Flu Vaccination
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| Amantadine/Rimantadine are currently not recommended for prophylaxis. Why? | Almost all viruses are resistant
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| Amantadine/Rimantadine are used for the treatment of | Influenza A
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| Mechanism of action of Amantadine/rimantadine? | Prevents uncoating of viral RNA by inhibiting a viral proton channel preventing a required viron pH change
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| Amantadine or Rimantadine enters the CNS? | Amantadine
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| Which has more adverse effects, Amantadine or rimantadine? | Amantadine
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| Adverse effects of amantadine/rimantadine | GI effects and CNS effects
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| Who is most susceptible to CNS side effects? | The elderly
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| Who is most susceptible to extreme Respiratory Syncytial virus infections? | Premmies and immunocompromised patients
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| Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia is infants under 1 | Respiratory syncytial virus
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| Palivizamab | Humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG) against RSV
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| Palivizamab mechanism of action | Inhibits viral entry into cells
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| Palivizamab is given (how?) | Monthly as a shot during RSV season
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| A life threatening RSV infection is treated with | Ribavirin, oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation
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| Ribavirin mechanism of action | Unclear
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| Ribavirin adverse effects | Inhalation causes reversible deterioration in pulmonary function, Oral causes reversible anemia due to hemolysis and bone marrow suppression
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| Common etiologies of Epiglottitis | Strep pyogenes, Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureaus, Haemophilus influenzae
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| Treatment for epiglottitis | Mainstay of airway, 3rd gen cephalosporin and anit-staph (for MRSA)
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| Treatment example for epiglottitis | Cefotaximine (or ceftriaxone) and vancomycin
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| Treatment for epiglottitis in patient with beta lacatam allergy | Levofloxacin and clindamycin
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| 3rd gen cephalosporins | Ceftiaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefotamin, Cefdinir
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| Excretion mechanism of almost all 3rd gen cephalosporins | Renally
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| Cephelosporin to give to patient with renal failure | Cetraiaxone because it is excreted biliary
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| If he asks a question on a Beta lactam that we learned 4 months ago instead of a flu drug for the quiz tomorrow, he is a | dick.
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