examoneresp
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| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus
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| Infants <3 months have better immune system (from mom), less infections, but are more susceptible to | pertussis
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| Infection rate increases @ 3-6 months b/c maternal | ab disappear
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| Fever may be absent in newborns-may rach 103-105 even w/mild infection | s/s of resp infection
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| Initial evidence of illness | poor feeding
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| Small passages get blocked easily by swelling and exudate | nasal blockage
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| a condition in which the patient shows signs of meningitis but examination reveals no pathologic changes in the meninges. The condition is associated with cases of pneumonia in small children. | meningismus
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| Sysmptoms w/no infection, occurs w/abrupt onset of fever w/ HA, pain & stiffness in the back & neck, subsides as fever goes down | meningimus
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| BP decreases w/inspiration and Increases w/exhale | pulsus paradoxus associated w/wheezing or grunting
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| A good therapeutic measure for relief of resp discomfort-the moisture soothes inflamed membranes | hydration is key
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| -no asa c of rye syndrome-ns drops-chicken soup-fluids-abx don’t work if it’s a virus | nasopharyngitis/common cold
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| -GABHS-strep throat-@risk for rheumatic fever (RF)->inflammatory disease of heart, joints & CNS & AGN (acute glomerulonephritis) | Pharyngitis & Tonsillitis
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| Strept throat with a rash | scarlet fever
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| Caused by Epstein Barr virus, no abx its viral, treat symptomatically, but saline gargles, rest, cough drops * no sports-prevent | mono
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| Infection of the middle ear, eustachian tube gets blocked, fluid builds and may become infected | otitis media
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| It is shorter, wider, straight and positioned horizontally allowing microorganisms and nasaophyrangeal secretions into middle ear | kids eustachian tube
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| Breast feeding decreases risk for diabetes b/c | milk has macrophages and a change when baby or mom is sick
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| Crying, pulling @ ear, fever,irritability,vomiting,diarrhea,cold s/s,inattentive to voice | Otitis Media E
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| Wath and wait if non=severe, oral amoxicillin in increased dose when needed: | Otitis Media
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| Pressure equalizing tubes to allow drainage to min risk of hearing loss and speech prob | tympanostony
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| Ear plugs when swimming and bathing | pt teach pe tubes
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| Best tx is prevention->immunization droplet precautions | whooping cough/pertussis
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| Can affect larynx,trachea, and bronchi, described according to anatomic area(ex:epiglottis or supraglotitis)laryngitis,laringotracheobronchitis (ltb) and tracheitis | croup
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| Take kid out at night or stand by cool shower | tx for croup
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| Cool mist blow – not tent or mask | tx for croup
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| Barking cough with inspiratory wheezing and some resp distress | croup
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| Droplet precautions, prevention with immunizations | pertussis whooping cough
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| Serious obstructive inflammatoru process ->usually 2-8yrs, H influenza | acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis
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| Fever,sits up n forward, chin thrust out | acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis
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| Drooling,dysphagia,dysphonia,distressed inspiratory effort | acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis
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| acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis four D’s | Drooling,dysphagia,dysphonia,distressed inspiratory effort
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| Keep calm, get to ED, do not examine throat, humidified o2 by blow by | mgt acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis
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| most common cause of hospitalization in kids < 1 yr | respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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| s/s low grade fever, rhinorrhea, om, Conjunctivitis | (RSV) resp syncytial virus
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| acute,viral infection (esp resp)in the bronchioles | bronchiolitis
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| air trapping causes hyperinflation of some alveolar and some atelectasis | bronchiolitis
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| wheezing d/t narrowing of airway b/c of edema and secretions | bronchiolitis
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| cough, grunting,cyanosis,pallor n lethargy,nasal flaring,retraction (ribs clavicular and substernal) | cm of bronchiolitis
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| cxr,pe,wbc will be norm, sputum culture | bronchiolitis dx
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| rest,fluids,fever control | tx at home with bronchiolitis
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| o2,ivf,abx if bacterial,ribavirin->agent for kids | tx hops bronchiolitis
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| acute resp infec of lungs, alveoli are filled w/pus and fluid, makes breathing painful and linits oxygen intake | pneumonia
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| pneumonia all or large segment of 1 or more pulmonary lobes | lobar pneumonia
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| pneumonia alveolar, peri-bronchial and interlobular tissues involved | interstitial pneumonia
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| more diffuse, invlobes bronchi and general lung fields in pneumonia | bronchopneumonia
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| PE, cxr, sputum culture dx for | pneumonia
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| Bacterial =abx, vial=supportive care tx for | pneumonia
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| Chronic inflammatory d/o of the airway | asthma
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| Recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness,chest tightness and cough est @ night | asthma
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| Antigens (allergens) irritants (tabacco,odors,sprays) infections meds->asa,nsaids,abx,bb | asthma triggers
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| Swimming is good b/c of moisture r/t | asthma
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| H&P,cxr to rule out others disease of food in lung, chg in pulm funct esp peak expiratory flow | dx asthma
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| Sit up, w/over head table, give o2, fluids juice or soda | mgt of asthma
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| Coke has catteine-> old fashion tx for | asthma
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| This relaxes smooth muscle , dialates bronchial passages, vasodiates muscles and liver, relaxes uterine muscles too | beta agonists
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| For exacerbations, short acting | albuterol
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| Long acting ongoing mgmt. | salmeterol
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| Asthma and labor=relaxes smooth muscle | (trabutale)beta agonist
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| Leukotriene receptor agonist (LTRA)=maint for asthma and for seasonal allergies’ | montelukast (singulair)
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| Chronic mast cell stabilizer that blocks calcium channels preventing release of histamine | cromolyn
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| Anticholinergic that blocks receptors in smooth muscle of bronchi and lings and opens bronchi and provides relief | ipratropium (atrovent)
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| Short burst to help attack or long term , q am ex methyprednisone | systemic steroids
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| Call from tea leaves | theophylline
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| Albuterol (saba) and oral dexamethasone is tx for | mild to moderate asthma in ER
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| Nebulized ipratropium bromide (atrovent) and SABA q 20 min increase to 3 tx, O2 | sever tx asthma
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| Desplays resp distress despite vigaourse measures, | status asthmaticus
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| Why mg sulfates status asthmtaticus | smooth muscle relaxant
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| Be prompt with tx and times, monitor for resp issues, child will be most comfortable on up position over table, avoid trigger and infection | mgt asthma
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| Autosomal recessive from both parents on chromosome 7 | cystic fibrosis
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| Lung congestion and infection, malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas | cystic fibrosis
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| Mucus plugs thing up instead of thin secretions, thick mucoprotien meconium ileus is earliest postnatal sign->small, intestine blocked up w/thick putty->pancreatic fibrosis (seceretions block ducts) | cystic fibrosis
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| Sweat test-> Salty skin because plugs-> >60 | cystic fibrosis
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| Amniocyntesis, fam hx, dna analysis, ri does newborn screenings | cystic fibrosis
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| Meconium ileus, failure to grow,statorrhea,freq resp infect | cystic fibrosis
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| Drainage w/vest, percussion, needed 2xday for 20-30 min, moist air is good | cystic fibrosis
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| Oral enzyme sup, pain releivers like advil,motrin, ibuprofen may slow ling deterioration | cystic fibrosis
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