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examoneresp
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
| Infants <3 months have better immune system (from mom), less infections, but are more susceptible to | pertussis |
| Infection rate increases @ 3-6 months b/c maternal | ab disappear |
| Fever may be absent in newborns-may rach 103-105 even w/mild infection | s/s of resp infection |
| Initial evidence of illness | poor feeding |
| Small passages get blocked easily by swelling and exudate | nasal blockage |
| a condition in which the patient shows signs of meningitis but examination reveals no pathologic changes in the meninges. The condition is associated with cases of pneumonia in small children. | meningismus |
| Sysmptoms w/no infection, occurs w/abrupt onset of fever w/ HA, pain & stiffness in the back & neck, subsides as fever goes down | meningimus |
| BP decreases w/inspiration and Increases w/exhale | pulsus paradoxus associated w/wheezing or grunting |
| A good therapeutic measure for relief of resp discomfort-the moisture soothes inflamed membranes | hydration is key |
| -no asa c of rye syndrome-ns drops-chicken soup-fluids-abx don’t work if it’s a virus | nasopharyngitis/common cold |
| -GABHS-strep throat-@risk for rheumatic fever (RF)->inflammatory disease of heart, joints & CNS & AGN (acute glomerulonephritis) | Pharyngitis & Tonsillitis |
| Strept throat with a rash | scarlet fever |
| Caused by Epstein Barr virus, no abx its viral, treat symptomatically, but saline gargles, rest, cough drops * no sports-prevent | mono |
| Infection of the middle ear, eustachian tube gets blocked, fluid builds and may become infected | otitis media |
| It is shorter, wider, straight and positioned horizontally allowing microorganisms and nasaophyrangeal secretions into middle ear | kids eustachian tube |
| Breast feeding decreases risk for diabetes b/c | milk has macrophages and a change when baby or mom is sick |
| Crying, pulling @ ear, fever,irritability,vomiting,diarrhea,cold s/s,inattentive to voice | Otitis Media E |
| Wath and wait if non=severe, oral amoxicillin in increased dose when needed: | Otitis Media |
| Pressure equalizing tubes to allow drainage to min risk of hearing loss and speech prob | tympanostony |
| Ear plugs when swimming and bathing | pt teach pe tubes |
| Best tx is prevention->immunization droplet precautions | whooping cough/pertussis |
| Can affect larynx,trachea, and bronchi, described according to anatomic area(ex:epiglottis or supraglotitis)laryngitis,laringotracheobronchitis (ltb) and tracheitis | croup |
| Take kid out at night or stand by cool shower | tx for croup |
| Cool mist blow – not tent or mask | tx for croup |
| Barking cough with inspiratory wheezing and some resp distress | croup |
| Droplet precautions, prevention with immunizations | pertussis whooping cough |
| Serious obstructive inflammatoru process ->usually 2-8yrs, H influenza | acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis |
| Fever,sits up n forward, chin thrust out | acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis |
| Drooling,dysphagia,dysphonia,distressed inspiratory effort | acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis |
| acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis four D’s | Drooling,dysphagia,dysphonia,distressed inspiratory effort |
| Keep calm, get to ED, do not examine throat, humidified o2 by blow by | mgt acute epiglottis or acute supraglottitis |
| most common cause of hospitalization in kids < 1 yr | respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| s/s low grade fever, rhinorrhea, om, Conjunctivitis | (RSV) resp syncytial virus |
| acute,viral infection (esp resp)in the bronchioles | bronchiolitis |
| air trapping causes hyperinflation of some alveolar and some atelectasis | bronchiolitis |
| wheezing d/t narrowing of airway b/c of edema and secretions | bronchiolitis |
| cough, grunting,cyanosis,pallor n lethargy,nasal flaring,retraction (ribs clavicular and substernal) | cm of bronchiolitis |
| cxr,pe,wbc will be norm, sputum culture | bronchiolitis dx |
| rest,fluids,fever control | tx at home with bronchiolitis |
| o2,ivf,abx if bacterial,ribavirin->agent for kids | tx hops bronchiolitis |
| acute resp infec of lungs, alveoli are filled w/pus and fluid, makes breathing painful and linits oxygen intake | pneumonia |
| pneumonia all or large segment of 1 or more pulmonary lobes | lobar pneumonia |
| pneumonia alveolar, peri-bronchial and interlobular tissues involved | interstitial pneumonia |
| more diffuse, invlobes bronchi and general lung fields in pneumonia | bronchopneumonia |
| PE, cxr, sputum culture dx for | pneumonia |
| Bacterial =abx, vial=supportive care tx for | pneumonia |
| Chronic inflammatory d/o of the airway | asthma |
| Recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness,chest tightness and cough est @ night | asthma |
| Antigens (allergens) irritants (tabacco,odors,sprays) infections meds->asa,nsaids,abx,bb | asthma triggers |
| Swimming is good b/c of moisture r/t | asthma |
| H&P,cxr to rule out others disease of food in lung, chg in pulm funct esp peak expiratory flow | dx asthma |
| Sit up, w/over head table, give o2, fluids juice or soda | mgt of asthma |
| Coke has catteine-> old fashion tx for | asthma |
| This relaxes smooth muscle , dialates bronchial passages, vasodiates muscles and liver, relaxes uterine muscles too | beta agonists |
| For exacerbations, short acting | albuterol |
| Long acting ongoing mgmt. | salmeterol |
| Asthma and labor=relaxes smooth muscle | (trabutale)beta agonist |
| Leukotriene receptor agonist (LTRA)=maint for asthma and for seasonal allergies’ | montelukast (singulair) |
| Chronic mast cell stabilizer that blocks calcium channels preventing release of histamine | cromolyn |
| Anticholinergic that blocks receptors in smooth muscle of bronchi and lings and opens bronchi and provides relief | ipratropium (atrovent) |
| Short burst to help attack or long term , q am ex methyprednisone | systemic steroids |
| Call from tea leaves | theophylline |
| Albuterol (saba) and oral dexamethasone is tx for | mild to moderate asthma in ER |
| Nebulized ipratropium bromide (atrovent) and SABA q 20 min increase to 3 tx, O2 | sever tx asthma |
| Desplays resp distress despite vigaourse measures, | status asthmaticus |
| Why mg sulfates status asthmtaticus | smooth muscle relaxant |
| Be prompt with tx and times, monitor for resp issues, child will be most comfortable on up position over table, avoid trigger and infection | mgt asthma |
| Autosomal recessive from both parents on chromosome 7 | cystic fibrosis |
| Lung congestion and infection, malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas | cystic fibrosis |
| Mucus plugs thing up instead of thin secretions, thick mucoprotien meconium ileus is earliest postnatal sign->small, intestine blocked up w/thick putty->pancreatic fibrosis (seceretions block ducts) | cystic fibrosis |
| Sweat test-> Salty skin because plugs-> >60 | cystic fibrosis |
| Amniocyntesis, fam hx, dna analysis, ri does newborn screenings | cystic fibrosis |
| Meconium ileus, failure to grow,statorrhea,freq resp infect | cystic fibrosis |
| Drainage w/vest, percussion, needed 2xday for 20-30 min, moist air is good | cystic fibrosis |
| Oral enzyme sup, pain releivers like advil,motrin, ibuprofen may slow ling deterioration | cystic fibrosis |
Created by:
troop27
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