Anatomy - - The Respiratory System
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| The organs of the respiratory system perform what two basic functions? | Air Distributor and gas exchanger for the body.
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| Respiration is an important ________________. | Homeostatic mechanism
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| What does the respiratory system do to the air we breath? | filters, warms, and humidifies
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| Our sense of smell is called? | Olfaction
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| Respiratory organs include the _____________. | Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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| The tiny very thin-walled sacs in the lungs are called? | Alveoli
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| Respiratory system is divided into how many tracts, and name them. | Two, Upper and lower tracts.
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| Upper respiratory tract is composed of? | Nose, pharynx and larynx
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| Lower respiratory tract is composed of? | trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and the lungs.
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| The membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system is called? | Respiratory mucosa
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| The __________________ separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in surrounding capillaries. | Respiratory membrane
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| Air enters through the external nostrils also called? | Nares
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| After air flows through the nares it then flows through. | The right and left nasal cavaties.
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| The partition that separates the nasal cavity is called> | The nasal septum
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| These are painless, noncancerous tissue growth in the nasal mucosa | Nasal polyps
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| What are the names of the four paranasal sinuses | Frontal, maxillary sphenoidal, and ethmoidal.
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| Sinus infections are called | Sinusitis
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| Three shelflike structures protruding into the nasal cavity are called? | Conchae or turbinates (as air moves over the conchae is is warmed and humidified)
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| The throat is also called the | Pharynx
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| The upper part just behind the nasal cavities is called the ___________ | nasopharynx
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| The portion behind the mouth is called the _____________. | Oropharynx
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| The lower segment of the pharynx is called the _________. | Laryngopharynx
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| These connect the middle ears with the nasopharynx. | Auditory tubes or Eustachian tubes
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| Masses of lymphatic tissue embedded in the mucous membrand of the pharynx is called the __________. | Tonsils
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| Name the three tonsils located in our mouth | Palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), and lingual tonsils
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| An infection with inflammation of the tonsils is called. | Tonsillitis
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| Surgical removal of your tonsils is called | A tonsillectomy
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| What is another name for our voice box? | The larynx
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| The largest cartilage of the larynx is called the _______________ | Thyroid cartilage or "Adam's Apple"
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| Thow short bigrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx. | Vocal cords.
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| The space between the vocal cords is called the. | glottis
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| Another piece of cartilage that partially covers the opening of the larynx. | Epiglottis
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| Any infection of the upper respiratory tract is called | An upper respiratory infection (URI)
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| Inflammation and swelling of the nasal mucosa is called | Rhinitis or common cold
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| Inflammation or infection of the pharynx is called. | Pharyngitis
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| Inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx | Laryngitis
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| Life threatening condition caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) infection | Epiglottitis
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| Non-life threatening type of laryngitis seen in children younger than 3 years of age. | Croup
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| Condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity | Deviated septum
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| A nose bleed is also called. | Epistaxis
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| The windpipe is also called | The trachea and extends from the larynx in the neck to the bronchi in the chest cavity
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| The trachea framework consist of | 15 to 20 C-shaped noncollapsible rings of cartilage
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| The Trachea's primary bronci are called | The right and left bronchi's
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| Primary bronchi's branch out into smaller _______________ | Secondary bronchi
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| Small passageways in the bronchi are called? | Bronchioles
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| Bronchioles subdivide into misroscopic tubes called ______________ | Alveolar ducts
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| Each Alveolar duct ends in several _____________ | Alveolar sacs
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| Each alveolar sac is made up of numerous _____________ that resemble grapes. | Alveoli
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| The surface of the respiratory membrand inside the alveolus is covered by a substance called _____________________ and keeps them from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration | Surfactant
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| Condition caused by the absence or impairment of the surfactant in the fluid that lines the alveoli | Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
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| A life-threatening condition that often effects prematurely born infants because of the lack of surfactant is called? | Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
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| Condition in adults caused by impairment or remocal of surfactant in the alveoli. | Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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| How many lobes do the lunds have? | Left lung has 3, right lung has 2
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| this covers the outer surface of the lunds and lines the inner surface of the rib cage. | Pleura
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| This is an inflammation fo the parietal pleura. | Pleurisy
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| Incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung is called. | Atelectasis
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| Air is the thorax is also known as. | Pneumothorax
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| This is the presence of blood in the pleural space | Homothorax
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| Exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment. | Respiration
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| Process ov moving air into and out of the lungs | Pulmonary ventilation
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| Exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood is called | External respiration
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| Exchange of gases occuring between the blood and the cells is called | Internal respiration
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| Oxygen used by cells in the process of metabolism is called. | Celluar respiration
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| Name the two phases of breathing. | Inspiration or inhalation and expiration or exhalation
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| Muscles that increase the volume of the thorax are called | Inspiratory muscles - these include the diaphragm and the external intercostals
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| What muscles contract when we need more forcefull expiration? | Expiratory Muscles - when contracted the internal intercostal muscles pull the rib cage inward
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| Exchange of gases that occurs between blood in tissue capillaries and the body cells is called. | Internal respiration
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| This device is used to easure the amount of air exchanged in breathing | Spirometer
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| Each normal inspiration and each normal expiration is called. | Tidal volumef(TV)
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| The larges amount we breath out in one expiration is known as. | Vital capacity (VC)
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| The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled AFTER expiring the tidal volume is called | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
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| The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above normal inspiration | Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
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| The air that remains in the lungs after the most forecul expiration is called. | Residual volume (RV)
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| How many breaths do we normally taken when at rest and not moving in a minute? | 12 to 20
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| What can influence respiration by sending nerve signals that affect the function of the respiratory centers of the brainstem? | Cerebral cortex
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| What are the sensory receptors called that are sensitive to increase in blood carbon dioxide level and decreases in blood oxygen levels? | Chemoreceptors
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| Where are chemoreceptors located? | In the carotid and aortic bodies.
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| This refers to a normal respiratory rate. | Eupnea
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| This is very rapid and deep respirations | Hypercentilation
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| This is very slow and shallow respirations | Hypoventilation
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| This is labored or difficult breathing | Dyspnea
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| Dyspnea that is relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position is called. | Orthopnea
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| This is breathing stopped for a period of time regardless of cause. | Apnea
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| Cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation are called? | Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR)
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| Failure to resume breathing is called. | Respiratory arrest
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| Acute inflammation of the bronchi | bronchitis
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| acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with thick fluid | Pneumonia
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| Chronic bacillus infection and his highly contagious | Tuberculosis (TB)
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| This involves restriction of the alveoli | Restrictive pulmonary disorders
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| This is the progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow. | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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| Chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles | Chronic bronchitis
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| Air becomes trapped within alveoli and causes them to enlarge. | Emphysema
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| Recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages. | Asthma
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| Surgical procedure where only the affected love of lung is removed | Lobectomy
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| Surgical procedure where the entire lung is removed | Pneumonectomy
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