The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebrum | consists of two cerebral hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| Gyri | thick folds
🗑
|
||||
| Longitudinal fissure | deep groove that separates the right and left hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| Corpus callosum | thick bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebellum | posterior and inferior to the cerebrum
🗑
|
||||
| Transverse cerebral fissure | deep groove that separates the cerebrum from cerebellum
🗑
|
||||
| Brainstem | what is left of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Cortex | what is left of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Nuclei | deeper masses of gray matter surrounded by white matter
🗑
|
||||
| Tracts | bundles of axons which connect the parts of the brain and connect to the spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| During the 3rd week the neural plate, which gives rise to neurons and glial cells, | sinks and forms a neural groove with raised neural folds
🗑
|
||||
| By the 4th week | the neural folds have fused creating a hollow neural tube which exhibits 3 dilations which subdivide by the 5th week
🗑
|
||||
| Meninges | Protect the brain and provide a framework for its arteries and veins
🗑
|
||||
| Dural sinuses | spaces between the dura mater layers that collect blood
🗑
|
||||
| Falx cerebri | dura fold that extends into the longitudinal fissure
🗑
|
||||
| Tentorium cerebella | dura fold that separates cerebellum and cerebrum
🗑
|
||||
| Falx cerebella | dura fold that separates R and L halves of the cerebellum
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricles | internal chambers
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebrospinal fluid | clear, colorless liquid that fills the ventricles, etc. and bathes the external surface of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| How is CSF produced? | It is produced from blood plasma filtered through the choroid plexus then modified by ependymal cells
🗑
|
||||
| Where does CSF flow? | CSF flows from choroid plexus in lateral ventricle through interventricular foramina 3rd ventricle cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle through apertures subarachnoid space arachnoid granulations dural venous sinuses
🗑
|
||||
| What is the purpose of CSF? | buoyancy, protection and chemical stability
🗑
|
||||
| Why must blood supply be constant? | Blood supply must be constant because neurons have a high demand for ATP, thus a high demand for glucose and O2
🗑
|
||||
| Blood is a source of... | ...bacterial toxins and other harmful agents
🗑
|
||||
| What does the brain barrier system regulate? | what can enter the tissue fluid of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| All nerve fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord pass through.. | ..the medulla oblongota
🗑
|
||||
| The medulla contains... | ...networks of sensory and motor functions and contains center for life sustaining functions – HR, respirations, BP
🗑
|
||||
| The pons contains... | ...continuation of reticular formation and several tracts
🗑
|
||||
| RF portion contains ... | ...nuclei involved in sleep, respiration, and posture
🗑
|
||||
| The midbrain contains... | ...the cerebral aqueduct, continuation of several tracts, RF and nuclei
🗑
|
||||
| Superior colliculi | function in visual attention, visual tracking, blinking, etc
🗑
|
||||
| Inferior colliculi | receive signals from the inner ear and relay them, mediate head turning reflex to sound and the jump when startled
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebral peduncles | stalks that anchor the cerebrum to the brainstem
🗑
|
||||
| Red nucleus | fibers go to and from the cerebellum to collaborate in fine motor control
🗑
|
||||
| Substantia nigra | motor center that relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus to prevent unwanted body movement
🗑
|
||||
| Central gray matter | involved with controlling the awareness of pain
🗑
|
||||
| Reticular formation | Gray matter that runs through the brainstem and consists of neural networks which function in somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, habituation, and sleep and consciousness
🗑
|
||||
| Somatic motor control | muscle tone, balance, posture, integration of signals from the eyes and ears
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiovascular control | HR, vessel diameter, breathing rate
🗑
|
||||
| Habituation | brain learns to ignore repetitive unnecessary stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep and consciousness | arousal and awareness
🗑
|
||||
| The cerebellum functions as... | ... the evaluation of some sensory input and monitoring muscle movement, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebellum receives information... | ...on the intent to move and the performance and signals if there is a discrepancy so the muscle performance can be adjusted to match the intent
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebellum is involved in... | ...learning motor skills
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebellar peduncles | posterior stalks that connect the cerebellum to the pons and midbrain
🗑
|
||||
| Thalamus | Receives input headed for the cerebral cortex and processes the information before it relays a small portion to the cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Plays a key role in motor control by relaying signals from the cerebellum to the cerebrum? | Thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus | Relays signals from the limbic system to the thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Relays signals from the limbic system to the thalamus? | Hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| (ht)Hormone secretion | secretes hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| (ht) Thermoregulation | monitors the body temperature and activate the heat-loss or heat-promoting centers
🗑
|
||||
| (ht) Food and water intake | regulates sensation of hunger and satiety, stimulate drinking
🗑
|
||||
| (ht) Sleep rhythms | regulate the rhythms of sleep and waking
🗑
|
||||
| (ht) Emotional behavior | involved in anger, aggression, fear, pleasure
🗑
|
||||
| (ht) Autonomic effects | integrating center for HR, BP, and GI activity
🗑
|
||||
| Frontal lobe | voluntary motor function, motivation, foresight, planning, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal lobe | receives and interprets signals of the general senses
🗑
|
||||
| Occipital lobe | contains the visual center of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Temporal lobe | hearing, smell, learning
🗑
|
||||
| Insula | understanding spoken language, taste, integrating information from visual receptors
🗑
|
||||
| Projection tracts | carry information between the cerebrum and the rest of the body
🗑
|
||||
| Commissural tracts | cross from one hemisphere to the other
🗑
|
||||
| Association tracts | connect different regions within a hemisphere
🗑
|
||||
| Basal nuclei | determines the start and stop of intentional movement
🗑
|
||||
| Limbic system | center of emotion and learning, includes the hippocampus and amygdala
🗑
|
||||
| Hippocampus | organizes sensory and cognitive experiences into a unified long-term memory, but has only a short memory
🗑
|
||||
| Amygdala | involved in emotional memory
🗑
|
||||
| Electroencephalogram | a recording of brain waves
🗑
|
||||
| Brain waves | rhythmic voltage changes
🗑
|
||||
| Alpha waves | occur in the parieto-occipital area when awake but resting
🗑
|
||||
| Beta waves | occur in the frontal-parietal region during mental activity and sensory stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| Theta waves | occur in children and drowsy or sleeping adults
🗑
|
||||
| Delta waves | occur in awake infants and adults in deep sleep
🗑
|
||||
| Cognition | mental processes by which we acquire and use knowledge
🗑
|
||||
| Association areas | regions of the cortex where cognition functions
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal association area | responsible for perceiving and attending to stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Temporal association area | identifying stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Frontal association area | for planning a response to stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Learning | acquiring new information
🗑
|
||||
| Memory | information storage and retrieval
🗑
|
||||
| Forgetting | eliminating information
🗑
|
||||
| Amnesia | defects in declarative memory
🗑
|
||||
| Memory consolidation | hippocampus plays memory repeatedly to the cerebral cortex to establish long-term memory
🗑
|
||||
| Prefrontal cortex | the seat of judgment, intent and control over expression of emotions
🗑
|
||||
| Amygdala receives information from... | ...the senses and mediates responses to the stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| Input goes to .. | .. the hypothalamus and brainstem to influence somatic and visceral motor systems
🗑
|
||||
| Output goes to .. | .. the prefrontal cortex to mediate conscious control and expression of the emotions
🗑
|
||||
| Primary sensory cortex | site where sensory input is first received
🗑
|
||||
| Association area- | adjacent region where information is interpreted
🗑
|
||||
| Special senses | location of primary cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Vision | the occipital lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Hearing | the temporal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Equilibrium | the cerebellum
🗑
|
||||
| Taste (gustatory) | the parietal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Smell (olfactory) | the temporal and inferior frontal lobes
🗑
|
||||
| General Senses | touch, pressure, stretch, heat, cold, pain
🗑
|
||||
| Signals go to.. | ..the primary somatosensory cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Motor association area | where neurons compile a program for muscle contractions of a movement
🗑
|
||||
| The program is transmitted to the primary motor cortex.. | ..which sends the signal to the brainstem and spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| Wernicke area | recognizes spoken and written language
🗑
|
||||
| Broca area | generates a motor plan for speaking
🗑
|
||||
| Aphasia | language deficit resulting from lesions in the hemisphere containing the Wernicke and Broca areas
🗑
|
||||
| Olfactory N | smell; goes to olfactory bulb
🗑
|
||||
| Optic N | vision; thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Oculomotor N | eye movement, eyelid opening, pupil constriction, focusing; midbrain
🗑
|
||||
| Trochlear N | eye movement; from the midbrain
🗑
|
||||
| Trigeminal N | touch, temperature, pain from face and masticating; pons
🗑
|
||||
| Abducens N | lateral eye movement; pons
🗑
|
||||
| Facial N | taste, facial expression, secretion; pons
🗑
|
||||
| Vestibulocochlear N | hearing and equilibrium; pons
🗑
|
||||
| Glossopharyngeal N | taste, senses of the tongue and outer ear, regulation of the BP and respiration, salivation, swallowing, gagging; MO
🗑
|
||||
| Vagus N | taste, hunger, fullness, GI discomfort, swallowing, speech, decrease HR, bronchoconstriction, GI activity; medulla oblongata
🗑
|
||||
| Accessory N | swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movement; SC
🗑
|
||||
| Hypoglossal N | tongue movement and swallowing; medulla oblongata
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
babyeyes8761
Popular Anatomy sets