Basic Pathology of the Eye
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| What is Blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelids
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| What is Hordeolum | acute, purulent, focal inflammatory lesion of the eyelid often due to a bacterial infection
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| What is a Chalazion | Chronic localized lipogranlomatous inflammation centered around the sebaceous glands of the eyelid
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| What is the common etiology for a chalazion | obstruction of the sebaceous gland orifice
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| What is Exophthalmos | also known as proptosis is the forward protrusion of the eye associated with Graves disease
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| What is the most common eye disease | conjunctivitis
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| What does conjunctivitis look like | hyperemic conjuctiva blood vessels, crusting, discharge, matting in the morning
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| What is the organism associated with conjunctiva trachoma | Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, and C
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| Most common cause of blindness in areas in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa | Conjuntiva Trachoma
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| What is Pyterygium | Pingueculum that grows into the cornea in an insect wing shape that forms a fold of vascularized conjunctiva
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| What are the stromal dystrophies (marilyn monroe always gets her men (in) LA County) | Macular, Mucopolysaccharide, Alcian Blue, Granular, Hyaline, Masson-Trichrome, Lattice/Amyloid, Congo red
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| What is the most common cause of reversible vision loss in the elderly | cataract
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| What is the pathogenesis of cataract formation | lens fibers harden and are compressed centrally (nuclear sclerosis)
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| If a retinal hemorrhage appears as a blot it is located? | in the outer retina
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| If a retinal hemorrhage appears as a dot it is located? | inner plexiform
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| If a retinal hemorrhage appears as a splinter it is located? | inner retina
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| If a retinal hemorrhage is melanoma like it is located? | sub-RPE or suprachrooidal
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| What is the main cause of retinal arterial occlusion | emboli
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| What is the pathology noted with arterial occlusion | cotton wool spots, retinal swelling, thin artery, cherry red spots with later inner retinal and optic nerve atrophy
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| What is amaurosis fugax | transient vision loss due to micro-emboli to CRA
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| What do you see with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | retinal dot/blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton-wool spots, retinal swelling, microaneurysms
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| When do diabetic retinopathies affect vision | when they involve the macula or PM bundle or are associated with macular edema
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| Neovascularization seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy is due to release of ? | VEGF from ischemic retinas
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| What may explain all signs of Diabetic retinopathy | Retinal ischemia and incompetence of retinal circulation with leakage
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| What is "Snowflake" cataract | white spoke-shaped opacities adjacent to the lens capsule that progresses rapidly over days to weeks due to osmotic effect of sorbitol in the lens
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| What are the three types of retinal detachment | Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, Exudative
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| What is the most common cause of vision loss in those older than 60 | Age related macular degeneration
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| What are the two types of Age Related Macular Degeneration | Wet and Dry
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| What is the most important cause of Optic Nerve Head edema | Increased ICP
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| Glaucoma is most commonly associated with? | increased intraocular pressure
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| What are the two types of acquired glaucoma | open angle and closed angle
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| Which has a more acute symptomatic onset open or closed angle glaucome | closed
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| Which type of glaucoma includes symptoms of decreased vision, ocular pain, headache, nausea/vomiting, red eyes, halos, and light sensitivity | closed angle glaucoma
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| What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy | Melanoma
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| What are the three cell types of melanoma in the eye | spindle A, spindle B, and Epithelioid (worst prognosis)
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| What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children | Retinoblastoma
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| When do you most commonly see retinoblastoma in children | within the 1st 2 years of life
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| How does retinoblastoma present | leukocoria, strabismus, poor vision, spontaneous hyphema, glaucoma, painful red eye
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| What is the intraocular malignancy in which you see Rosettes | Retinoblastoma
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