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Muscles of the lower limb Stack #111524

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Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Muscle group
Psoas Major   Transverse Processes, sides and intervertebral discs of vertebrae T12 & L1-5.   Lesser Trochanter   Lumbar plexus   Hip and trunk flexor Hip adductor    
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Iliacus   (a band across) the upper 2/3rds of Iliac Fossa   Lesser Trochanter   Femoral Nerve L2,L3   Hip flexor Hip adductor    
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Gluteus Maximus   1) Ilium posterior to Posterior Gluteal Line 2) dorsal surface of sacrum & coccyx 3) sacrotuberous ligament   Superficial fibres insert into Iliotibial Tract, Deep fibres onto Gluteal Tuberosity (posterior femur)   Inferior Gluteal Nerve   (The EARL of Hip!) Hip Extensor Hip Lateral Rotator Hip Abductor   Gluteals  
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Gluteus Medius   Gluteal surface of Ilium, between posterior and anterior Gluteal Lines   Greater Trochanter   Superior Gluteal Nerve   MEDIAL hip rotator (medius=medial rotation) Hip ABDuctor (its at the side of the pelvis)   Gluteal  
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Gluteus Minimus   (smallest gluteal with largest attachment) Gluteal surface of Ilium between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines   Greater Trochanter   Superior Gluteal Nerve   (actions identical to Medius) MEDIAL hip rotation & thigh ABDUCTION   gluteals  
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Tensor Fasciae Latae   Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) Anterior part of Iliac Crest   Inserts into ITT at level of Greater Trochanter   Superior Gluteal Nerve (TFL lies superior to GlutMed and GlutMin, on anterior Ilium )   MEDIAL hip rotation Hip ABDUCTION ('cos its at side of pelvis) Knee extension (pulls ITT taut)    
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Piriformis   Anterolateral surface of sacrum   Greater Trochanter   Sacral Plexus   Lateral rotation of thigh   Deep lateral hip rotators  
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Gemellus Superior   Gluteal face of ischial spine   The Gemelli twins Blend with the Tendon of Obturator Internus as it attaches to the GREATER TROCHANTER   Sacral plexus   Lateral hip rotator. Also abducts flexed thigh.   Deep lateral hip rotators  
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Obturator Internus   Internal face of Obturator membrane and adjacent bone   Greater Trochanter   Sacral Plexus   Lateral hip rotation   Deep lateral hip rotators  
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Gemellus Inferior   Ischial tuberosity   The Gemelli twins Blend with the Tendon of Obturator Internus as it attaches to the GREATER TROCHANTER   Sacral plexus   Lateral hip rotation. Also abducts flexed thigh.   Deep lateral hip rotators  
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Obturator Externus   External face of obturator membrane (and adjacent bony margins)   Trochanteric fossa of femur   Obturator Nerve (because it exits the pelvis via the Obturator Foramen, along with the Obturator Nerve)   Lateral hip rotation   Deep lateral hip rotators  
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Quadratus Femoris   Ischial tuberosity   Quadrate Tubercule of femur   Sacral plexus   Lateral hip rotation   Deep lateral hip rotators  
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Pectineus   Pecten of pubis (superior pubic ramus)   Pectineal Line on posterior femur (i.e. from Lesser Trochanter to top of Linea Aspera)   Femoral nerve, sometimes Obturator too.   Adducts and flexes thigh. (mnemonic=Pectineus does sweet F A)   hip adductors  
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Adductor Brevis   Body and Inferior Ramus of Pubis (mnemonic=GraB a Long cock)   Upper half of Linea Aspera   Obturator   Thigh adduction   hip adductors  
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Adductor Longus   Depression on body of pubis just below Pubic Crest   Middle third of Linea Asera   Obturator Nerve   Thigh adduction   hip adductors  
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Adductor Magnus   a wide curve taking in: (Adductor part) ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity (Hamstring part) ischial tuberosity   (Adductor part) Linea Aspera and medial Supracondylar Ridge (Hamstrings part) Supracondylar Ridge and Adductor Tubercule   (Adductor part) Obturator Nerve (Hamstrings part) Sciatic Nerve (NB this pattern fits with groups)   (Adductor part) Thigh adduction (Hamstrings part) Medial rotation   hip adductors (also has hamstring part)  
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Gracilis   Body and Inferior Ramus of Pubis   Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia (into Pes Anserinus Tendon)   Obturator nerve   Adducts thigh (adductor group) Knee flexion & medial rotation   hip adductors  
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Rectus Femoris   (Straight head) arises AIIS (Reflected head) arises from groove above acetabular rim   Patella tendon (to tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patella)   Femoral Nerve   Flexes hip, extends knee   quadriceps  
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Vastus Medialis   Medial Intertrochanteric Line, medial Linea Aspera, medial supracondylar line   Patella tendon (to tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patella)   Femoral Nerve   Extends knee   quadriceps  
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Vastus Intermedius   Covers 2/3rds of anterior surface of femur   Patella tendon (to tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patella)   Femoral Nerve   Extends knee   quadriceps  
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Vastus Lateralis   Lateral Intertrochanteric Line, lateral Linea Aspera & lateral supracondylar line   Patella tendon (to tibial tuberosity via ligamentum patella)   Femoral Nerve   Knee extension   quadriceps  
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Sartorius   ASIS   Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia (Pes Anserinus tendon)   Femoral Nerve (think SAn Francisco)   Hip flexion Knee flexion & medial rotation   anterior thigh  
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Biceps Femoris   Long head arises from Ischial Tuberosity Short head arises from distal half of linea aspera   head of fibula (insertion is divided by lateral collateral ligament)   Long head - Tibial Nerve Short head - Common Peroneal Nerve   Extends hip, flexes knee Laterally rotates knee   hamstrings  
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Semitendinosus   Ischial Tuberosity   Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia - Pes Anserinus tendon   Tibial Nerve   Knee flexion & Medial rotation Thigh extension (hamstring group)   hamstrings  
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Semimembranosus   Ischial tuberosity   Groove on posteromedial surface of medial tibial condyle   Tibial Nerve   Extends hip, Flexes knee (hamstring group) Medially rotates knee   hamstrings  
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Popliteus   (Deep in Popliteal Fossa) Popliteal groove just above lateral femoral condyle.   An area of triangular attachment on posterior proximal tibia, just above Soleal Line   Tibial Nerve   Popliteus Pulls the Femur Laterally   posterior compartment of leg  
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Tibialis Posterior (greedy)   Upper half of interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula surfaces   (travels through tarsal tunnel to plantar foot) Primarily to Navicular and Medial Cuneiform. Attaches to all tarsal bones but not to talus, plus sustentaculum tali & bases of middle three mets.   Tibial Nerve   Inverts foot, plantarflexes ankle   posterior compartment of leg (deep)  
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Plantaris   Lower part of lateral supracondylar ridge   Attaches either into Tendo Calcaneus on medial side, or makes its own connection to the posterior calcaneus, medially to the Tendo Calcaneus   Tibial nerve   Plantarflexes foot   posterior compartment of leg (deep flexors)  
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Flexor Hallucis Longus   Lower 2/3rds of Posterior Fibula and adjacent interossous membrane   (runs through tarsal tunnel) attaches to base of distal hallux, plantar surface   Tibial Nerve   Flexes hallux, plantarflexes foot    
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Flexor Digitorum Longus   Medial part of posterior tibia, below Soleal Line.   (passes through tarsal tunnel) plantar surface of bases of middle and distal toes 2-5   Tibial Nerve   Ankle plantarflexion, toe flexion   posterior compartment of leg (deep flexors)  
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Soleus   Sweeps across tibia in "s-shape" (from medial to lateral) following Soleal Line, with a fibrous arch over interosseous membrane and an attachment onto head and upper 2/3rds of shaft of fibula   Tendo calcaneus (posterior calcaneus)   Tibial Nerve   Plantarflexes foot. Acts as Venous pump.   Posterior compartment of leg (superficial)  
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Gastrocnemius   2 heads arise from medial and lateral femoral condyles. Medial head arises from distal end of medial supracondular ridge and groove above medial condyle. Lateral head arises from distal end of lateral supracondylar ridge and groove above lateral condyle   Tendo calcaneus (posterior calcaneus)   Tibial Nerve   Flexes knee, plantarflexes foot (but not at same time !)   posterior compartment of leg (superficial)  
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Peroneus Brevis   Distal half of lateral fibula.   (passes posterior to lateral malleolus) lateral aspect of base of 5th metatarsal   Superficial Peroneal Nerve   Everts foot, plantarflexes ankle   lateral compartment of leg  
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Peroneus Longus   Upper lateral surface of fibula & head of fibula. Lateral tibial condyle.   (runs behind lateral malleolus and grooves under cuboid bone to plantar foot) Attaches to medial cuneiform and base of 1st met   Superficial Peroneal Nerve   Everts foot, plantarflexes foot   lateral compartment of leg  
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Peroneus Tertius   Distal quarter of fibula   Dorsal proximal shaft of 5th metatarsal   Deep Peroneal Nerve   Ankle dorsiflexion Foot eversion   anterior compartment of leg  
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Tibialis Anterior   Upper 2/3rds of lateral surface of tibia & adjacent interosseous membrane   Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform   Deep Peroneal Nerve   Dorsiflexes ankle, Inverts foot   anterior compartment of leg  
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Extensor Hallucis Longus   (lies between EDL and TibAnt) Middle half of anterior surface of fibula & adjacent interosseous membrane.   Base of distal hallux, dorsal aspect   Deep Peroneal Nerve   Extends hallux, Dorsiflexes foot   anterior compartment of leg  
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Extensor Digitorum Longus   Upper 2/3rds of Fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane & lateral tibial condyle   Base of middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5   Deep Peroneal Nerve   Ankle dorsiflexion, toe extension   anterior compartment of leg  
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Iliotibial Tract (ITT)   External ala of ilium behind ASIS   lateral tibial condyle   -   shared aponeurosis for gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae help maintain knee extension in standing    
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