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major body system word parts

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word parts
major structures
primary function
major body system
oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o   bones   act as the framework for body, protect the internal organs, and store mineral calcium   skeletal system  
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myel/o   bone marrow / spinal cord   forms some blood cells   skeletal system  
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chondr/o   cartilage   creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protect the ends of bones   skeletal system  
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ligament/o   ligaments   connects one bone to another   skeletal system  
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arthr/o   joints   work with muscles to make variety of motions   skeletal system  
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synovi/o, synov/o   synovial membrane, synovial fluid   forms lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid that lubricates joints for smooth movements   skeletal system  
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burs/o   bursa   cushions areas subject to friction during movement   skeletal system  
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my/o, myos/o   muscles   make body movement possible, holds body erect, move body fluids and produces body heat   muscular system  
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fasci/o   fascia   cover, suppoer and separate muscles   muscular system  
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ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o   tendons   attach muscle to bone   muscular system  
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card/o, cardi/o   heart   pumps blood into the arteries   cardiovascular system  
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arteri/o   arteries   transport blood to all body parts   cardiovascular system  
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capill/o   capillaries   exchange nutrients and waste products with cells   cardiovascular system  
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phleb/o, ven/o   veins   return blood to the heart   cardiovascular system  
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hem/o, hemat/o   blood   brings oxygen and nutrients to all cells and carries away waste   cardiovascular system  
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lymph/o   lymph fluid and vessels   return cellular waste and tissue fluid to circulatory system   lymphatic and immune systems  
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lymphaden/o   lymph nodes   produce lymphocytes and filter harmful substances from lymph   lymphatic and immune systems  
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tonsill/o, adenoid/o   tonsils and adenoida   protect the entry into the respiratory system   lymphatic and immune system  
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splen/o   spleen   fitlers foriegn materials from blood, stores RBC, maintains balance between cells and plasma in blood   lymphatic and immune systems  
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myel/o   bone marrow   produces blood cells   lymphatic and immune systems  
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lymph/o, -cyte   lymphocytes   play important role in immune reactions   lymphatic and immune systems  
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thym/o   thymus   produces T lymphocytes for the immune system   lymphatic and immune system  
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immun/o   immune system   defends body against harmful substances such as pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, toxims and malignant cells   lymphatic and immune system  
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nas/o   nose   exchange air during inhaling and exhaling, warms, moisturizes and filters inhaled air   respiratory system  
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sinus/o   sinuses   provides mucus, make bones of skull lighter, aid in sound production   respiratory system  
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epiglott/o   epiglottis   close off trachea during swallowing   respiratory system  
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pharyng/o   pharynx   transport air to and from nose to trachea. transports food from mouth to esophagus   respiratory system digestive system  
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laryng/o   larynx   make speech possible   respiratory system  
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trache/o   trachea   transport air to and from pharynx to the bronchi   respiratory system  
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bronch/o, bronchi/o   bronchi   transport air from trachea into lungs   respiratory system  
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alveol/o   alveoli   air sacs that exchange gases with pulmonary capillary blood   respiratory system  
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pneum/o, pneumon/o   lungs   bring oxygen into body an dremove corbon dioxide adn some water waste from body   respiratory system  
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or/o   mouth   begins preparation of food for digestion   digestive system  
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esophag/o   esophagus   transports food from pharynx to stomach   digestive system  
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gastr/o   stomach   breaks dowm food and mixes it with digestive juices   digestive system  
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enter/o   small intestines   completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients   digestive system  
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col/o   large intestines   absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for elimination   digestive system  
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an/o, proct/o, rect/o   rectum and anus   controls the excretion of solid waste   digestive system  
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hepat/o   liver   secretes bile and enzymes to aid in digestion of fats   digestive system  
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cholecyst/o   gallbladder   stores bile and releases it to small intestine as needed   digestive system  
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pancrat/o   pancreas   secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine as needed   digestive system  
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nephr/o, ren/o   kidneys   filter blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, remove excess water to maintain fluid volume   urinary system  
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pyel/o   renal pelvis   collects urine produced by kidney   urinary system  
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-uria, unin/o   urine   liquid waste products to be excreted   urinary system  
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ureter/o   ureters   transport urine from the kidneys to bladder   urinary system  
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cyst/o, vesic/o   urinary bladder   store urine until excreted   urinary system  
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urethr/o   urethra   transports urine from bladder through urethral meatus where it is excreted from body   urimary system  
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encephal/o   brain   coordinates all activities of body   nervous system  
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myel/o   spinal cord   transmits nerve impulses between brain, limbs, and lowwer part of body   nervous system  
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neur/i, neur/o   nerves   receive and transmit messages to and from all parts of body   nervous system  
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opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ophthalm/o   eyes   receptor organs for sense of sight   special senses: eyes and ears  
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lacrim/o, dacry/o   lacrimal apparatus   produces, stores and remove tears   special senses: eyes and ears  
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ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o   iris   controles amount of light entering the eye   special senses: eyes and ears  
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phac/o   lens   focuses rays of light on retina   special senses: eyes and ears  
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retin/o   retina   converts light images into electrical impulses and transmits to brain   special senses: eyes and ears  
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acous/o, acout/o, audi/o, audit/o, ot/o   ears   receptor organs for sense of hearing, help to maintain balance   special senses: eyes and ears  
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pinn/i   outer ear   transmits sound waves to middle ear   special senses: eyes and ears  
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myring/o, tympan/o   middle ear   transmits sound waves to inner ear   special senses: eyes and ears  
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labyrinth/o   inner ear   receives sound vibrations and transmits them to brain   special senses: eyes and ears  
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cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o   skin   first line of defense for immune system, waterproofs body, major receptor for sense of touch   integumentary system  
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seb/o   sebaceous glands   secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate skin and discourage growth of bacteria   integumentary system  
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hidr/o   sweat glands   secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and water content and excrete some metabolic waste   integumentary system  
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pil/i, pil/o   hair   aids in controlling loss of body heat   integumentary system  
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onych/o, ungu/o   nails   protect dorsal surgace of last bone of each finger and toe   integumentary system  
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adren/o   adrenal glands (2)   regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism, repond to stress   endocrine system  
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gonad/o   gonads - male testicles (2), female ovaries (2)   refulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics   endocrine system  
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pancreat/o   pancreatic islets   control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism   endocrine system  
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parathyroid/o   parathyroid glands (4)   regulate calcium levels throughout body   endocrine system  
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pituit/o, pituitar/o   pituitary gland (1)   controls activity of other endocrine glands   endocrine system  
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thym/o   thymus (1)   plays major role in immune reaction   endocrine system  
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thyr/o, thyroid/o   thyroid gland (1)   stimulates metabolism, growth, activity of nervous system   endocrine system  
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pineal/o   pineal gland (1)   influence the sleep-wakefulness cycle   endocrine system  
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orch/o, orchid/o, test/i, test/o, testicul/o   testicles, testes   produce sperm and male hormone testosterone   reproductive system  
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oophor/o, ovari/o   ovaries   produce ova (eggs) and female hormones   reproductive system  
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salping/o   fallopian tubes   catch mature ova, provide site for fertilization, transport ova to uterus   reproductive system  
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hyster/o, metr/o, metri/o, uter/o   uterus   protects and supports developing child   reproductive system  
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placent/o   placenta   exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and fetus during pregnancy   reproductive system  
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