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| ABG | Arterial blood gases; blood test that assesses the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
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| Adenoids | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils).
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| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs within the lungs; resembling small balloons. (alveolus - singular form)
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| Anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell.
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| Anoxia | Absence or deficiency of oxygen in the tissues.
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| Antihistamine | Medication which opposes the effects of histamine.
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| Antitussive | Medication which prevents or relieves coughing.
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| Apnea | Without breathing.
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| Asphyxia | A condition in which there is insufficient oxygen; literally means “without pulse”.
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| Atelectasis | Inability of the lung to expand properly.
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| Auscultation | The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope.
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| Bronchi | The two branches off the trachea which lead to the right left lungs. (bronchus - singular form)
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| Bronchiectasis | Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi.
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| Bronchioles | Smaller branches of the bronchi.
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| Bronchodilator | Medication which relaxes the muscles of the passage providing relief of bronchospasms.
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| Cheyne-Stokes | Breathing characterized by fluctuations in the Respirations depth of the respirations.
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| C & S | Culture and sensitivity. A lab test that isolates the organisms for identification and then determines which antibiotic(s) will be effective against it.
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| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
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| Compliance | The ease with which lung tissue can be stretched.
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| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; includes certain lung disorders characterized by decreased ability of the lungs to exchange gases adequately. (Also known as COLD).
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| Cystic Fibrosis | A hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands.
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| Diaphragm | A large muscle located between the chest and the abdominal wall.
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| Dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness.
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| Dyspnea | Difficult breathing.
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| Epistaxis | Nosebleed.
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| Eupnea | Good (normal) breathing.
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| Expectorant | Agent which facilitates the removal of sputum.
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| Hemoptysis | Condition of spitting up blood.
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| Hemothorax | Blood in the chest cavity.
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| Histamines | Body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages.
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| Hypercapnia | Condition of an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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| Hyperpnea | Increased breathing, deeper than normal.
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| Hypoxemia | Deficient amount of oxygen in the blood.
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| Laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx.
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| Larynx | Voice box. Responsible for sound production.
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| Lobular. | Pertaining to a lobe
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| Mediastinum | The space between the right and left lung, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and the bronchi.
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| Nares | Nostrils. (naris - singular form)
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| Nasopharynx | The portion of the pharynx above the soft palate and behind the nose.
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| Orthopnea | Respiratory condition of discomfort breathing in any but an erect or standing position.
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| PA (& L) | Posteroanterior refers to the direction of x-ray beams that travel through the body from back to front. (L refers to the lateral direction.)
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| Palatine tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx
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| Parietal pleura | The outermost layer, lining the thoracic cavity.
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| Percussion | The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size, or consistency of an underlying structure.
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| Pharyngoscope | Instrument used to view the throat.
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| 46. Pleura Serous membrane which envelops the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity. |
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| 47. Pleural effusion Excess of fluid in the pleural cavity. |
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| 48. Pleurisy / pleuritis Inflammation of the pleural membrane, |
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| characterized by a stabbing pain which is |
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| intensified by coughing or deep breathing. |
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| 49. Pneumoconiosis Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs. |
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| 50. Pneumonia / pneumonitis An inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by |
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| bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc. |
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| 51. Pneumothorax Collection of air in the pleural cavity. |
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| 52. Postural drainage Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the |
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| drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes |
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| of the lung. |
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| 53. Pulmonary Pertaining to the lungs. |
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| 54. Pulmonary edema Excessive fluid in the lungs which induces cough |
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| and dyspnea. |
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| 55. Pulmonary function A series of tests designed to evaluate the volume |
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| and air flow rate of the lungs. |
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| 56. Rale Crackle. An abnormal respiratory sound heard on |
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| auscultation. |
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| 57. Respiratory Distress Condition frequently seen in premature infants |
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| Syndrome caused by a lack of a lung substance, called surfactant. |
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| 58. Respiratory System Consists of organs that are responsible for the |
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| breathing process. It exchanges oxygen and |
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| carbon dioxide at a cellular level. |
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| 59. Rhinoplasty Surgical repair of the nose. |
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| 60. Sinusitis Inflammation of a sinus. |
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| 61. SOB Shortness of breath. |
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| 62. Sputum An abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower |
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| respiratory tract that often contains blood, pus, and |
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| bacteria. |
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| 63. Stenosis Narrowing or constriction. |
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| 64. Stethoscope An instrument used in auscultation. |
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| 65. T & A Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. |
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| 66. Tachypnea Rapid breathing. |
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| 67. Thoracic Pertaining to the chest area. |
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| 68. Tonsillotome An instrument used to cut the tonsils. |
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| 69. TPR Temperature, pulse, respiration. |
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| 70. Trachea Windpipe. Cartilaginous tube which extends from |
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| the larynx to the bronchial tubes. |
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| 71. Tracheostomy Creation of an opening in the trachea to relieve a breathing obstruction. |
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| 72. Tuberculosis An infectious disease caused by inhaling viable |
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| tubercle bacilli. |
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| 73. Visceral pleura The innermost layer lying next to the lung. |
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