Anatomy Chapter 6--
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| ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility
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| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability
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| extensibility | ability to be stretched
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| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity
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| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath which is called | epimysium
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| connective tissue located outside the epimysium, it surrounds and seperates muscle | fascia
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| muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called and are surrounded by_______. | fasciculi and perimysium
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| fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | fibers
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| endomysium | fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
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| cytoplasm of each fiber is filled | myofibrils
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| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments, they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs
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| joined end to end to form the myofbril | sarcomere
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| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential
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| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal mucsle fibers | motor neurons
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| near the center of the cell | synapse
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| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor units
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| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal
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| the space between the preesynaptic terminal and the mucsle cell | synaptic cleft
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| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber
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| synaptic vesicles | each terminal contains
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| acetylcholine | secrete neurotransmitter
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| acetylcholinesterase | muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme
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| combination of acetylcholine with its receptor causes an influx of sodium ions into the | muscle fibers
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| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is | sliding filament mechanism
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| contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the actin poetinail in one or more muscle | muscle twitch
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| when stimulus that causes fiber to respond at level called | threshold
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| phenomenon is called | all or none response
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| time between applicaTION OF A STIMULUS TO A MOTOR NEURON AND THE BEGINNING OF A CONTRACTION IS THE | LAG PHASE
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| time of contraction | contraction phase
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| time when muscle relaxes | relaxation phase
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| muscle stays contracted | tetany
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| increase of motor units being activated | recruitment
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| Atp | adenosine triphosphate
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| needed for energy for muscle contraction | atp
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| produced in mitochondria | atp
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| short lived and unstable | atp
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| Adp | adenosine diphosphate
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| plus phosphate | adp
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| atp cant stockpile but what can | creatine phosphate
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| atp is used to | synthesize creatine phosphate
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| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration
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| with oxygen | aerbic respiations
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| increased respiations provide the oxygen to pay back the | oxygen debt
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| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reaction | oxygen debt
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| muscle tired | muscle fatigue
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| equal distance | isometric
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| equal tension | isotomic
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| legnth of muscle does not change | isometric
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| amount of tension produced by muscle | isotonic
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| refers to constant tension | muscle tone
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| contract and faTIGUE QUICKLY | FAST TWITH FIBERS
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| contract more slowly and resistant to fatigue | slow twich fibers
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| most stationary end of musle | origin
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| end of muscle | insertion
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| between origin and insertion | belly
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| origins | head
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| muscle work together to accomplish certain movements | synergist
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| muscles that work in oppostion to another | antagonist
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| accomplished the desired movement | prime mover
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| mucsles have names that are | descriptive
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| some are named by | location
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| somee are named by | size
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| some are named by | orientation of fibers
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| some are named by | shape
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| some are named by | origin
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| some are named by | insertion
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| some are named by | function
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| fascicles are arranged in concentric rings | circular
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| converge toward a single insertion tendon | convergent
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| length of the fascicles run | parallel
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| short fascicles attatch obliquely to a central tendon | pennate
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| modification of paralle arrangment | fusiform
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| covers frontal bone | frontalis
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| lip muscle | orbicularis oris
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| muscle extends from corner of mouth | zygamaticus
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