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Anatomy Chapter 6--
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath which is called | epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside the epimysium, it surrounds and seperates muscle | fascia |
| muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called and are surrounded by_______. | fasciculi and perimysium |
| fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | fibers |
| endomysium | fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| cytoplasm of each fiber is filled | myofibrils |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments, they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs |
| joined end to end to form the myofbril | sarcomere |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal mucsle fibers | motor neurons |
| near the center of the cell | synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor units |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| the space between the preesynaptic terminal and the mucsle cell | synaptic cleft |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | each terminal contains |
| acetylcholine | secrete neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme |
| combination of acetylcholine with its receptor causes an influx of sodium ions into the | muscle fibers |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the actin poetinail in one or more muscle | muscle twitch |
| when stimulus that causes fiber to respond at level called | threshold |
| phenomenon is called | all or none response |
| time between applicaTION OF A STIMULUS TO A MOTOR NEURON AND THE BEGINNING OF A CONTRACTION IS THE | LAG PHASE |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time when muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| muscle stays contracted | tetany |
| increase of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| Atp | adenosine triphosphate |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | atp |
| produced in mitochondria | atp |
| short lived and unstable | atp |
| Adp | adenosine diphosphate |
| plus phosphate | adp |
| atp cant stockpile but what can | creatine phosphate |
| atp is used to | synthesize creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerbic respiations |
| increased respiations provide the oxygen to pay back the | oxygen debt |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reaction | oxygen debt |
| muscle tired | muscle fatigue |
| equal distance | isometric |
| equal tension | isotomic |
| legnth of muscle does not change | isometric |
| amount of tension produced by muscle | isotonic |
| refers to constant tension | muscle tone |
| contract and faTIGUE QUICKLY | FAST TWITH FIBERS |
| contract more slowly and resistant to fatigue | slow twich fibers |
| most stationary end of musle | origin |
| end of muscle | insertion |
| between origin and insertion | belly |
| origins | head |
| muscle work together to accomplish certain movements | synergist |
| muscles that work in oppostion to another | antagonist |
| accomplished the desired movement | prime mover |
| mucsles have names that are | descriptive |
| some are named by | location |
| somee are named by | size |
| some are named by | orientation of fibers |
| some are named by | shape |
| some are named by | origin |
| some are named by | insertion |
| some are named by | function |
| fascicles are arranged in concentric rings | circular |
| converge toward a single insertion tendon | convergent |
| length of the fascicles run | parallel |
| short fascicles attatch obliquely to a central tendon | pennate |
| modification of paralle arrangment | fusiform |
| covers frontal bone | frontalis |
| lip muscle | orbicularis oris |
| muscle extends from corner of mouth | zygamaticus |
Created by:
cmeade5
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