Anatomy
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| The ability of a skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility
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| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus.
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| extensibilty | the ability to be stretched.
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| elasticity | the ability to recoil to their original resting lenght after they have been stretched.
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| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called what? | epimysium
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| Another connective located outside the epimysium that surrounds the muscle. | Fascia
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| A muscle is composed of numerous bundles called muscle fasciculi which are surrounded by loose connective tissue. | perimysium
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| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called what? | fibers
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| Each _______ ________ is a single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei. | muscle fiber
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| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called what? | endomysium
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| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with myofibrils. true or false | true
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| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | myofibrils.
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| Actin and myosin | the to major protien fibers. (hint myofilaments)
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| Actin and Myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called ___________. | Sacromeres
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| the basic strutural and functional unity of the muscle. | sacromere.
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| The outside of most cells is positivly charge compared to the inside of the cell membrame, whcih is negatively charged. the charge difference across the membrame is called __________. | resting membrane potential.
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| When a muscle is stimualted the membrane charaterstics changen briefly. The reversal back of the charge is called _________ ___________. | action potential.
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor Neurons
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| ______ enter the msucles and branch. | Axons
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| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a neuromuscular junction or_________ near the center of the cell. | synapse
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| A single motor nueron and all the skeletal msucle fibers it innervates are called _____________. | motor unit
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| A neuromuscular junction is ormed by and enlarged nerve terminal resting in a indentation of the ______ _______. | presynaptic terminal
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| the space between the presynaptic termanal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft
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| the muscle fiber for the synaptic cleft is | postsynaptic terminal
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| Each presynaptic termianl contains __________. | synaptic vesicles
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| frontalis | moves the eyebrow
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| closes the eyelid(crows) | orbicularis oculi
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| orbicularis oris | pcukers lips
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| zygomaticus | smiling
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| depressor anguli orbis | frown
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| levator labii superious | sneering
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| mastication | chewing
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| muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers.
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| the muscle fibers will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _________. | threshold
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| the threshold phonomenon is called | all-or-none response.
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| the time between application pf a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beggining of a contraction | lag phase
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| the time of a contration is _______. | contraction phase.
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| when the muscle remaings contracting without relaxing. | tetany
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| the time period when the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase
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| the increase in number of motor units being activated | recuitment
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| ATP | is needed for energy for muscle contraction.
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| ATP | is produced in the mitochondria
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| ATP | is short lived and instable
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| ADP | plus phosphate
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| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration
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| aerboic respiration | with oxygen(more efficent)
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| oxygen debt | the amout of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells.
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| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during the muscle contraction faster than it can be produced.
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| what muscles are invovled during mastication. | masseter and temporalis
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| fast twitch | fatique fast
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| slow twitch | more resistant to fatigue
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| isometric | the length of the muscle doesnt change, but the amount of tension increases.
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| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is consistant
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| muscle tone | keeps head up and back straight
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| origin | the most stationary end of the muscle.
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| insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement.
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| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin.
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| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements.
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| anatagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another called __________.
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| a single cell containing nuclei | muscle fiber
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| connective tissue outside the epimysium | fasciculi
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| the sarcomere | the basic structuraland functional inoty of the muscle.
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| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium.
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| T or F muscles help the produce heat essential for maintence of normal body tempurature. | true
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| the enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal
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| enlarged termonal formed by ______. | enlarged nerve
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| many motor untis form a _________ muscle. | single
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| two types of muscle contractions are _______ and _______. | isometric isotonic
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| some muscles have multiple muscles or ______. | head
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| during periods of activity, the energy stored in creotin phoshphate can be acsees quickly and produce ______. | ATP
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| when the _______ shorten it causes the muscle to shorten. | sacromere
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| the H and I bands shorten but then ____ stay the same. | A
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| ATP is needed for _______ for muscle contraction. | energy
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| HTP is _____ lived and unstable. | short
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| it is necessary for muscle cells to costantly produce ______. | ATP
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