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Chapter 6
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of a skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility |
| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| extensibilty | the ability to be stretched. |
| elasticity | the ability to recoil to their original resting lenght after they have been stretched. |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called what? | epimysium |
| Another connective located outside the epimysium that surrounds the muscle. | Fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous bundles called muscle fasciculi which are surrounded by loose connective tissue. | perimysium |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called what? | fibers |
| Each _______ ________ is a single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei. | muscle fiber |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called what? | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with myofibrils. true or false | true |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | myofibrils. |
| Actin and myosin | the to major protien fibers. (hint myofilaments) |
| Actin and Myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called ___________. | Sacromeres |
| the basic strutural and functional unity of the muscle. | sacromere. |
| The outside of most cells is positivly charge compared to the inside of the cell membrame, whcih is negatively charged. the charge difference across the membrame is called __________. | resting membrane potential. |
| When a muscle is stimualted the membrane charaterstics changen briefly. The reversal back of the charge is called _________ ___________. | action potential. |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor Neurons |
| ______ enter the msucles and branch. | Axons |
| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a neuromuscular junction or_________ near the center of the cell. | synapse |
| A single motor nueron and all the skeletal msucle fibers it innervates are called _____________. | motor unit |
| A neuromuscular junction is ormed by and enlarged nerve terminal resting in a indentation of the ______ _______. | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic termanal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| the muscle fiber for the synaptic cleft is | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic termianl contains __________. | synaptic vesicles |
| frontalis | moves the eyebrow |
| closes the eyelid(crows) | orbicularis oculi |
| orbicularis oris | pcukers lips |
| zygomaticus | smiling |
| depressor anguli orbis | frown |
| levator labii superious | sneering |
| mastication | chewing |
| muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| the muscle fibers will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _________. | threshold |
| the threshold phonomenon is called | all-or-none response. |
| the time between application pf a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beggining of a contraction | lag phase |
| the time of a contration is _______. | contraction phase. |
| when the muscle remaings contracting without relaxing. | tetany |
| the time period when the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated | recuitment |
| ATP | is needed for energy for muscle contraction. |
| ATP | is produced in the mitochondria |
| ATP | is short lived and instable |
| ADP | plus phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| aerboic respiration | with oxygen(more efficent) |
| oxygen debt | the amout of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells. |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during the muscle contraction faster than it can be produced. |
| what muscles are invovled during mastication. | masseter and temporalis |
| fast twitch | fatique fast |
| slow twitch | more resistant to fatigue |
| isometric | the length of the muscle doesnt change, but the amount of tension increases. |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is consistant |
| muscle tone | keeps head up and back straight |
| origin | the most stationary end of the muscle. |
| insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. |
| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin. |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. |
| anatagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another called __________. |
| a single cell containing nuclei | muscle fiber |
| connective tissue outside the epimysium | fasciculi |
| the sarcomere | the basic structuraland functional inoty of the muscle. |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium. |
| T or F muscles help the produce heat essential for maintence of normal body tempurature. | true |
| the enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| enlarged termonal formed by ______. | enlarged nerve |
| many motor untis form a _________ muscle. | single |
| two types of muscle contractions are _______ and _______. | isometric isotonic |
| some muscles have multiple muscles or ______. | head |
| during periods of activity, the energy stored in creotin phoshphate can be acsees quickly and produce ______. | ATP |
| when the _______ shorten it causes the muscle to shorten. | sacromere |
| the H and I bands shorten but then ____ stay the same. | A |
| ATP is needed for _______ for muscle contraction. | energy |
| HTP is _____ lived and unstable. | short |
| it is necessary for muscle cells to costantly produce ______. | ATP |
Created by:
KatieOxley3
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