Muscular System
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| bi- | twice, double, two
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| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling
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| -desis | to bind, tie together
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| fasci/o | fascia, fibrous band
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| -ia | noun ending
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| -ic | noun ending
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| -lysis | destruction, loosening, setting free
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| my/o | muscle
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| -plegia | paralysis, stroke
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| -rrexis | rupture
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| tax/o | coordination, order
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| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendons
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| ton/o | tension, tone, stretching
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| tri- | three
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| fascia | sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles
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| tendons | narrow band of dense, fibrous connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone
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| skeletal muscles | make body motions possible, striated (striped appearance), voluntary (conscious control)
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| smooth muscles | move and control flow of fluids, unstriated (not striped), involuntary (controled by nervous system), visceral (found in large internal organs)
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| cardiac muscle | myocardium, like striated in appearance but like smooth in action
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| kinesiology | study of muscular activity and movement of body parts
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| antagonistic | muscles work in opposition to each other to create movement
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| contraction | tightening of muscle
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| relaxation | return to original form
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| muscle tone | tonus, normal state of balanced muscle tension
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| muscle innervation | stimulation of muscle by an impulse
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| abduction | movement away from midline
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| adduction | movement toward midline
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| flexion | bending a limb at a joint
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| extension | straightening out a limb
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| elevation | raising/lifting a body part
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| depression | lowering a body part
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| rotation | circular movement around an axis
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| circumduction | circular movement of limb at far end
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| supination | rotating arm/leg so palm/sole is turned forward or upward
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| pronation | rotating arm/leg so palm/sole is turned downward/backward
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| dorsiflexion | bends foot upward at ankle
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| plantar flexion | bends food downward at ankle
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| muscle origin | more fixed attachment/ end nearest midline
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| muscle insertion | more moveable, end farthest from midline
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| orthopedic surgeon | treats injuries and disorders of bones, joints,muscles, and tendons
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| neurologist | treats cause of paralysis and similar disorders
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| cardiologist | treats disorders of the cardiac muscles
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| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
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| muscle atrophy | weakness/ wasting away of muscle tissue
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| hernia | protrusion of part or structure through tissues normally containing it
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| myocele | protrusion of muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia
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| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle
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| intermittent claudication | symptons including cramplike pain of leg muscles caused by poor circulation
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| spasm | cramp, sudden, violent, involuntary contraction
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| spasmodic torticollis | wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contractions of neck muscles
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| brady- | slow
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| tardive dyskinesia | late appearance caused by side effect of long term antipsychotic drugs
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| -clonus | violent action, spasm, twitching
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| singultus | hiccups
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| myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause
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| myasthenia gravis | muscle weakness most frequently affects muscles of eyes, chewing, swallowing, coughing and facial expression
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| muscular dystrophy | inherited disorder that causes muscle weakness without affection nervous system
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| fibromyalgia syndrome | unknown cause characterized by widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue
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| impingement syndrome | tendons become inflamed and get cought in narrow space between bones within shoulder joint
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| radicul/o | nerve root
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| cervical radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressuer on spinal nerve roots in neck region
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| plantar fascitis | heel spurs, bony growths on dorsal surface of heel bone
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| -paresis | partial, incomplete paralysis
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| electromyography | records the strength of muscle contractions
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