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Stack #109519
Muscular System
| muscular system | chapter 4 |
|---|---|
| bi- | twice, double, two |
| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling |
| -desis | to bind, tie together |
| fasci/o | fascia, fibrous band |
| -ia | noun ending |
| -ic | noun ending |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| -lysis | destruction, loosening, setting free |
| my/o | muscle |
| -plegia | paralysis, stroke |
| -rrexis | rupture |
| tax/o | coordination, order |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendons |
| ton/o | tension, tone, stretching |
| tri- | three |
| fascia | sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles |
| tendons | narrow band of dense, fibrous connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone |
| skeletal muscles | make body motions possible, striated (striped appearance), voluntary (conscious control) |
| smooth muscles | move and control flow of fluids, unstriated (not striped), involuntary (controled by nervous system), visceral (found in large internal organs) |
| cardiac muscle | myocardium, like striated in appearance but like smooth in action |
| kinesiology | study of muscular activity and movement of body parts |
| antagonistic | muscles work in opposition to each other to create movement |
| contraction | tightening of muscle |
| relaxation | return to original form |
| muscle tone | tonus, normal state of balanced muscle tension |
| muscle innervation | stimulation of muscle by an impulse |
| abduction | movement away from midline |
| adduction | movement toward midline |
| flexion | bending a limb at a joint |
| extension | straightening out a limb |
| elevation | raising/lifting a body part |
| depression | lowering a body part |
| rotation | circular movement around an axis |
| circumduction | circular movement of limb at far end |
| supination | rotating arm/leg so palm/sole is turned forward or upward |
| pronation | rotating arm/leg so palm/sole is turned downward/backward |
| dorsiflexion | bends foot upward at ankle |
| plantar flexion | bends food downward at ankle |
| muscle origin | more fixed attachment/ end nearest midline |
| muscle insertion | more moveable, end farthest from midline |
| orthopedic surgeon | treats injuries and disorders of bones, joints,muscles, and tendons |
| neurologist | treats cause of paralysis and similar disorders |
| cardiologist | treats disorders of the cardiac muscles |
| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
| muscle atrophy | weakness/ wasting away of muscle tissue |
| hernia | protrusion of part or structure through tissues normally containing it |
| myocele | protrusion of muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle |
| intermittent claudication | symptons including cramplike pain of leg muscles caused by poor circulation |
| spasm | cramp, sudden, violent, involuntary contraction |
| spasmodic torticollis | wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contractions of neck muscles |
| brady- | slow |
| tardive dyskinesia | late appearance caused by side effect of long term antipsychotic drugs |
| -clonus | violent action, spasm, twitching |
| singultus | hiccups |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause |
| myasthenia gravis | muscle weakness most frequently affects muscles of eyes, chewing, swallowing, coughing and facial expression |
| muscular dystrophy | inherited disorder that causes muscle weakness without affection nervous system |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | unknown cause characterized by widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue |
| impingement syndrome | tendons become inflamed and get cought in narrow space between bones within shoulder joint |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| cervical radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressuer on spinal nerve roots in neck region |
| plantar fascitis | heel spurs, bony growths on dorsal surface of heel bone |
| -paresis | partial, incomplete paralysis |
| electromyography | records the strength of muscle contractions |
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