Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Frederick II | a Prussian king who at first liked flute and poetry, but after years in forced solitary confinement by his father Frederick William I, he became a brilliant military commander
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| Louis XIV | the French king who took over in 1643, was aided by Cardinal Mazarin, and took over the complete government, ruling by divine right after Mazarin's death in 1661
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| Autocratic | having unlimited power
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| Maria Theresa | the intelligent and capable daughter of Charles IV who became the first woman to rule the Hapsburg empire in her own name
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| Ferdinand | the Catholic Hapsburg king of Bohemia who sought to suppress Protestants and to assert royal power over nobles; was elected Holy Roman Emperor
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| Depopulation | a reduction in the number of people in an area
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| Peter the Great | a Russian tsar who gained absolute power; westernized Russia; expanded Russia's borders
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| St. Petersburg | capital city and major port established by Peter the Great in 1703
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| Levee | morning ritual during which nobles would wait upon French King Louis XIV
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| Miguel de Cervantes | author of Don Quixote, which pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry; wrote the first modern European novel
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| Cabinet | Parliamentary advisors to the king, who originally met in a small room
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| Frederick William I | a Prussian ruler who gained the loyalty of Prussian nobles by giving them positions in the army and government
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| Peace of Westphalia | a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Year's War
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| Dissenters | Protestants whose views and opinions differed from those of the Church of England
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| Puritans | a group of dissenters who sought to "purify" the Church of Catholic practices
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| Limited Monarchy | a government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's power
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| Charles I | imprisoned his foes without trial; squeezed the nation for money; signed the Petition of Right; led the Cavaliers against the Roundheads in the English Civil War; was executed by Parliament after losing the English Civil War to Cromwell and the Roundheads
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| Oliver Cromwell | the leader of the Roundheads in the English Civil War against Charles I and the Cavaliers; ruler of the Commonwealth after Charles I's execution; ruled with strict Puritan ways
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| Balance of Power | distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
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| El Greco | "the Greek;" a Greek-born master of Spanish painting; famous for religious paintings and portraits of Spanish nobles; his use of vibrant colors influenced many other artists
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| Prussia | a strong military state in central Europe that emerged in the late 1600s
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| Armada | fleet of ships; Philip sent one to invade England
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| Mercenary | a soldier serving in a foreign army for pay
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| Hapsburg Empire | the Central European empire that lasted form the 1400s to the 1900s; at its height included the lands of the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands
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| Divine Right | the belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God
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| Cardinal Richelieu | a chief minister appointed by Louis XIII in 1624 who sought to destroy the power of the Huguenots and the nobles
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| Edict of Nantes | the law issued by French King Henry IV in 1598 that gave more religious freedom to French Protestants
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| James I | the first Stuart monarch; clashed with Parliament over money and foreign policy; ruled by divine right; fought dissenters
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| Partition | a division into pieces
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| Henry IV | a French king who started out fighting Catholic opposition, but eventually converted to Catholicism
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| Absolute Monarch | a ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs
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| Intendent | an official appointed by French King Louis XIV to govern the provinces, collect taxes, and recruit soldiers
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| War of Austrian Succession | a series of wars in which various European nations competed for power in Central Europe after the death of Hapsburg emperor Charles VI
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| Westernization | adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
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| Boyars | landowning nobles in Russia under the tsars
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| Warm-Water Port | a port that is free of ice year-round
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| Huguenots | French Protestants of the 1500s and 1600s
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| Catherine the Great | a German princess who married the heir to the Russian throne and took over after her husband "died;" embraced western ideas' was an absolute monarch; gained the eastern part of Poland
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| Charles V | the ruler of the Spanish empire who fought Protestantism; faced the Muslim Ottoman Empire; eventually retired to a monestary, passing his empire to his brother Ferdinand and his son Phillip II
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| Versailles | the royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV
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| English Bill of Rights | the series of acts passed by the English Parliament in 1689 that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of Parliament; accepted by William and Mary
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| Jean-Baptiste Colbert | King Louis XIV's brilliant finance minister, who imposed mercantilist policies to bolster France's economy
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| Oligarchy | a government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
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| Electors | one of seven German princes who would choose the Holy Roman Emperor
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| Constitutional Government | a government whose power is defined and limited by law
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| Philip II | a Spanish absolute monarch who ruled under divine right; fought Protestantism; son of Charles V
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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