Anatomy Exam 3 Terms
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| It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the | epiphyseal plate
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| What is an example of an irregular bone? | Bones of the backbone
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| What is not a function of bones? | contraction
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| Osteoblasts are | bone-forming cells
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| Osteocytes are | mature bone cells
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| Osteoclasts are | bone cells that resorb bone tissue
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| Compact bone has | tightly packed tissue that is sold, strong, and resistant to bending
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| Spongy bone has | cancellous bone that reduces the weight of bone
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| (T or F)Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin E | False
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| Does calcitonin make blood calcium levels increase or decrease? | decrease
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| What is not found in spongy bone? | Osteons
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| What kind of cartilage is articular cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage
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| The white material that reduces friction at the ends of bones is called | articular cartilage
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| Osteoclast activity is increased by | parathyroid hormone
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| What are some functions of the skeletal system? | Protection of organs, storage of inorganic salts, interaction with muscles for movement, responsible for blood cell production
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| The axial skeleton includes | skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column
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| Exercise_____ and ______ bones | thickens, strengthens
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| The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that | the bone is lengthening
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| A bone includes | living material and nonliving material
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| Compact bone has ____, whereas spongy bone has ____. | tightly packed tissue that is solid, strong, and resistant to bending; cancellous bone that reduces the weight of bone
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| A synovial membrane | secretes synovial fluid
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| What are examples of synovial joints | ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle, pivot, gliding, condyloid
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| Ball-and-socket | hip, shoulder-rotational movement
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| Hinge | elbow or knee-allows movement in one plane
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| saddle | thumb-rotate a little
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| pivot | shake head, pivot
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| gliding | carpal, tarsal, intervertebral- sliding past each other; limited movement
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| condyloid | wrist, fingers- fingers to palm
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| Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from | surrounding synovial fluid
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| A joint capsule is reinforced by | ligaments binding articular ends of bones together
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| A synchondrosis | allows bone growth
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| A syndesmosis is | a fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones
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| Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments is called | menisci
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| Cartilagenous joints are connected by | hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
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| What are some types of fibrous joints? | sydesmosis, sutures, gomphosis
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| The joint that separates two vertebrae is a | symphysis that is amphiarthrotic
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| Lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline | abduction
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| What are some functions of joints? | Often contain cartilage, bind bones, enable body parts to move, allow bones to grow
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| A sprain involves | overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint
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| Joints are also called | articulations
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| A gomphosis is a ____ joint. | fibrous
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| The meniscus is in the | knee
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| Bones of a synovial joint are held together by | a joint capsule.
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| What is true about skeletal muscle? | Every muscle fiber receives a branch of an axon from the nerve
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| The muscle primarily responsible for an action is the | prime mover
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| Threshold stimulus is the | minimal amount of energy required to contract a muscle fiber
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| A muscle that assists a prime mover is a | synergist
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| The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the | epimysium
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| Myofibrils are composed primarily of | actin and myosin
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| A sarcomere extends from | one Z disk to an adjacent Z disk
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| The enzyme acetylecholinesterase causes acetycholine to | decompose
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| Cordlike and connects muscles to bones | tendon
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| a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles | aponeurosis
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| The amount of oxygen liver cells require to react with lactic acid to produce glucose or glycogen | oxygen debt
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| The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the | sarcomere organization
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| A motor unit is | a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it.
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| Creatine phosphate | supplies energy for the sythesis of ATP
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| Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in | skeletal muscle fibers
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| Muscle fibers are basically a collection of | sarcomeres
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| (T or F) ATPase is located in myosin cross-bridges | True
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| What are some functions of muscles? | distributions of heat, the heartbeat, muscle tone, moving bones
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| What surrounds a fasciculus? | perimysium
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| What are channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane? | voltage-gated ion channels
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| In muscle contraction, ATP supplies energy for | myofilament movement
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