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Anatomy Exam 3 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the | epiphyseal plate |
| What is an example of an irregular bone? | Bones of the backbone |
| What is not a function of bones? | contraction |
| Osteoblasts are | bone-forming cells |
| Osteocytes are | mature bone cells |
| Osteoclasts are | bone cells that resorb bone tissue |
| Compact bone has | tightly packed tissue that is sold, strong, and resistant to bending |
| Spongy bone has | cancellous bone that reduces the weight of bone |
| (T or F)Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin E | False |
| Does calcitonin make blood calcium levels increase or decrease? | decrease |
| What is not found in spongy bone? | Osteons |
| What kind of cartilage is articular cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage |
| The white material that reduces friction at the ends of bones is called | articular cartilage |
| Osteoclast activity is increased by | parathyroid hormone |
| What are some functions of the skeletal system? | Protection of organs, storage of inorganic salts, interaction with muscles for movement, responsible for blood cell production |
| The axial skeleton includes | skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column |
| Exercise_____ and ______ bones | thickens, strengthens |
| The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that | the bone is lengthening |
| A bone includes | living material and nonliving material |
| Compact bone has ____, whereas spongy bone has ____. | tightly packed tissue that is solid, strong, and resistant to bending; cancellous bone that reduces the weight of bone |
| A synovial membrane | secretes synovial fluid |
| What are examples of synovial joints | ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle, pivot, gliding, condyloid |
| Ball-and-socket | hip, shoulder-rotational movement |
| Hinge | elbow or knee-allows movement in one plane |
| saddle | thumb-rotate a little |
| pivot | shake head, pivot |
| gliding | carpal, tarsal, intervertebral- sliding past each other; limited movement |
| condyloid | wrist, fingers- fingers to palm |
| Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from | surrounding synovial fluid |
| A joint capsule is reinforced by | ligaments binding articular ends of bones together |
| A synchondrosis | allows bone growth |
| A syndesmosis is | a fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones |
| Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments is called | menisci |
| Cartilagenous joints are connected by | hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| What are some types of fibrous joints? | sydesmosis, sutures, gomphosis |
| The joint that separates two vertebrae is a | symphysis that is amphiarthrotic |
| Lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline | abduction |
| What are some functions of joints? | Often contain cartilage, bind bones, enable body parts to move, allow bones to grow |
| A sprain involves | overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint |
| Joints are also called | articulations |
| A gomphosis is a ____ joint. | fibrous |
| The meniscus is in the | knee |
| Bones of a synovial joint are held together by | a joint capsule. |
| What is true about skeletal muscle? | Every muscle fiber receives a branch of an axon from the nerve |
| The muscle primarily responsible for an action is the | prime mover |
| Threshold stimulus is the | minimal amount of energy required to contract a muscle fiber |
| A muscle that assists a prime mover is a | synergist |
| The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the | epimysium |
| Myofibrils are composed primarily of | actin and myosin |
| A sarcomere extends from | one Z disk to an adjacent Z disk |
| The enzyme acetylecholinesterase causes acetycholine to | decompose |
| Cordlike and connects muscles to bones | tendon |
| a broad, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles | aponeurosis |
| The amount of oxygen liver cells require to react with lactic acid to produce glucose or glycogen | oxygen debt |
| The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from the | sarcomere organization |
| A motor unit is | a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it. |
| Creatine phosphate | supplies energy for the sythesis of ATP |
| Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in | skeletal muscle fibers |
| Muscle fibers are basically a collection of | sarcomeres |
| (T or F) ATPase is located in myosin cross-bridges | True |
| What are some functions of muscles? | distributions of heat, the heartbeat, muscle tone, moving bones |
| What surrounds a fasciculus? | perimysium |
| What are channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane? | voltage-gated ion channels |
| In muscle contraction, ATP supplies energy for | myofilament movement |
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libbygrace7
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