Written by Matthew Turner.
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| The Ancien Régime was also known as the ______. | Old Regime
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| The nobility constituted approximately _____ percent of the population of any given country. country | 1 to 5
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| The smallest, wealthiest, best defined, and most socially responsible aristocracy resided in _______. | Great Britain
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| Define "of the sword." | Those whose nobility was derived from military service.
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| Define "of the robe." | Those who had acquired their titles either by serving the bureaucracy or by having purchased them.
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| Define hoberaeaux. | The provincial nobility.
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| Define taille. | land tax; the basic tax of the Old Regime.
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| Define vingtième. | "Twentieth."; which resembled an income tax.
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| Define corvées. | Forced labor on public works.
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| Define szlachta. | Polish nobles that were entirely exempt from taxes after 1741.
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| The Russian Charter of the Nobility constituted one aspect of the broader Europe-wide development termed the ________. | aristocratic resurgence
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| Define banalités. | Certain feudal dues subject to French peasants.
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| Define seigneur. | Lord.
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| Define robot. | Laws and customs of the Hapsburg lands that required serfs to provide services.
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| Between 1671 and 1831, English landowners had the exclusive legal eight to hunt game animals including, in particular, _______. | hares, partridges, pheasants, and moor fowl
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| Define family economy. | The household mode of organization that predominate don farms, in artisans' workshops, and in small merchants' shops.
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| An artisan's daughter might not leave home until marriage, because _______. | at home she could learn increasingly valuable skills associated with the trade
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| For women of all social ranks, childbirth meant ______. | fear and vulnerability because contagious diseases endangered both mother and child.
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| The main goal of traditional peasant society was ______. | a stability that would ensure the local food supply.
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| Define Agricultural Revolution. | A series of innovations in farm production developed by landlords in Western Europe.
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| Who instituted crop rotation, using wheat, turnips, barley, and clover? | Charles "Turnip" Townsend (1674-1738).
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| Define enclosures. | The enclosures were intended to use land more rationally and to achieve greater commercial. profits.
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| The second half of the eighteenth century witnessed the beginning of the industrialization of European economy called _______. | The Industrial Revolution.
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| Who took the lead in consumer revolution that expanded the demand for goods that could be efficiently supplied? | Great Britain.
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| Define domestic. | Putting-out.
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| Define system of textile production. | Agents of urban textile merchants took wool or other unfinished fibers to the home of peasants, who spun it into thread.
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| Who invented the spinning jenny? | James Hargreaves (ca. 1720-1778)
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| What did the spinning jenny do? | Initially, this machine allowed 16 spindles of thread to be spun, but by the close of the century, it could operate 120 spindles.
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| Who invented the first practical engine to use steam power? | Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729).
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| Who was a successful toy and button manufacturer in Birmingham, the city with the most skilled metalworkers in Britain? | Matthew Boulton (1728-1809).
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| Who was the cannon manufacturer that drill precise metal cylinders Watt's design required? | John Wilkinson (1728-1808).
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| Who made a better version of the Newcomen steam engine? | James Watt (1736-1819).
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| During the early eighteenth century, British iron-makers produces somewhat less than ______ tons of iron annually. | 25,000
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| The transformation of agriculture and inustry led to _____. | a series of of seemingly modest changes that, taken collectively, diminished the importance and role of those women already in the workforce
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| Remarkable changes occurred in the pattern of city growth between _____. | 1500 and 1800
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| London grew from about 700,000 inhabitants to _____ in 1800. | 1 million
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| By the time of the French Revolution, Paris had more than _______ inhabitants. | 500,000
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| Berlin's population tripled during the century, reaching _______ in 1800. | 170,000
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| Warsaw had 30,000 inhabitants in 1730, but almost _______ in 1794. | 120,000
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| St. Petersburg, founded in 1703, numbered more than ______ inhabitants a century later. | 250,000
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| Even in France and Great Britain, probably somewhat less than _______ 20 percent of the population lived in cities. | 20
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| In particular, between 1600 and 1750, the cities that grew most vigorously were _______. | capitals and ports
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| Furthermore, between 1600 and 1750, cities with populations of fewer than _______ inhabitants decline. | 40,000
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| Shopkeepers, artisans, and wage earners were the single ______ group in any city. | largest
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| Define ghetto. | Distinct districts of cities, or in primarily Jewish villages in the countryside.
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MattyIceTurner
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