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| What caused the Glorious Revolution? | James II was pro Catholic and suspended laws when he felt like it
Parliament asked William III of Orange and Mary to come take the throne which they did with no bloodshed
THEY WERE FORCED TO SIGN THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS IN 1689
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| What are the nine features of an absolute monarch? | divine right
large standing army
very high taxes
opulence to display power
expansionist policies
politics more important than religion
curtailment of nobles power
patrons of the arts
organized gov. bureaucracy
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| Who were the Stuart Monarchs? | James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, Mary, and Anne
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| How did James I annoy Parliament? | tried to rule as an absolute monarch
favoritism for monarchs
creative taxation of the people w/o consulting Parliament
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| How did Charles I annoy Parliament? | Dismissed them until the Scots rebellion in 1640
Used ship money and thorough as sources of revenue w/o consent of Parliament
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| What was the English Civil War? Who won? | Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) v. Roundheads (supporters of Parliament, Puritans, and Cromwell).
The Roundheads won, executed Charles I and established a Commonwealth under Orwell
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| What was the Restoration? | Charles II restored to the throne after the Commonwealth in 1660
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| What was important about the English Bill of Rights? | Power to purse for Parliament
No standing army w/o approval from Parl
Freedom of speech
Parl cannot be dismissed w/o its consent
right to bear arms
influenced American Bill of Rights
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| Who was Part of the Hanover Dynasty? | George I, George II, and George III
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| How did the South Sea Fiasco boost the career of Robert Walpole? | Similar to the Mississippi Bubble with failed stocks, he fixed the problem and became the first Prime Minister of England
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| What were some issues with Parliamentary representation and how did people react to them? | House of Commons controlled by wealthy families
Rotten boroughs
American Revolution (taxation w/o representation)
Cato's Letters and Yorkshire Association Movement called for reforms
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| What were the Whigs and the Tories? | Whigs were pro Parliament and Tories were pro-monarch
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| Who were in the Bourbon Dynasty? | Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV, and Louis XV
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| What was the Fronde and why was it important? | Rebellion of the nobles against Louis XIV and regent Mazarin taught Louis XIV to find ways to keep the nobles happy
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| Who were Louis XIV's two teachers who emphasized the importance of divine right and the Callican liberties? | Mazarin and Bishop Bosseut
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| How did Louis XIV promote his divine right and supreme authority as monarch of France? | "L'etat, c'est moi"
called himself the Sun King
Versailles
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| How did Louis XIV curtail the power of the nobles? | made them stay in Versailles and spend their money
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| What were the two goals of all of Louis XIV's wars? | Expand territory and protect borders
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| How successful were Louis XIV's wars? | Poor because other countries formed alliances to protect the balance of power
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| What were Louis XIV's religious policies? | not tolerant of Huguenots
revoked Edict of Nantes
enforced Ad Sacram Sedum (papal bull outlawing Jansetism)
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| How did Louis XIV compare to Louis XV? | Louis XV was so much weaker
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| How did Louis XV reduce the power of the nobles? | gave the parlements their traditional right to "veto" laws
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| What was the importance of the Mississippi Bubble? | stock speculation scandal during Louis XV's reign associated with John Law
messed with French economy and caused distrust of paper money
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| What was the political set-up of the Netherlands? | Republic, tolerant of religions
lots of civil liberties
stadtholder took control during wars
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| Why was the Netherlands so prosperous during the 16th and 17th centuries? | shipping
cheap grain from Baltic
BANKING
controlled spice colonies in E Indies
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| Why did the Netherlands' prosperity decline in the 18th century? | countries began to ship directly to eachother
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| What dynasty ruled the Austrian Empire? | Hapsburgs
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| Why was it hard to govern the Hapsburg Austrian Empire? | Lots of nationalities
uppity Magyars (Hungarian nobles)
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| What caused the War of Austrian Succession? | Pragmatic Sanction- allowed Maria Theresa to inherit Austria
Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia
other countries joined b/c Frederick had upset the balance of power
Fred kept the city but MT kept Austria
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| Who was in the Hohenzollern Dynasty? | Prussian leaders Elector Fred Will I, Fred Will I, Will I, and Fred II
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| Why was elector Frederick William important? | taxed Prussians to enlarge the military
not a king
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| Why was King Frederick I important? | helped HRE during War of Austrian Succession
became king of Prussia
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| Why was King Frederick William I important? | made Prussian army and military SUPER organized
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| Why was Frederick II important? | Frederick the Great
used the military his ancestors made and made war in Europe
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| Who allied with who during the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756? | Great Britain and Prussia v. Russia, Austria, and France
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| What were the causes/ effects of the Seven Years' War? | Cause:
Frederick the Great invaded Saxony
effects:
European powers became involved b/c of balance of power
colonies joined
ended w/ Treaty of Paris 1763
Great Britain most important country
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| How did Prussia survive the Seven Years' War? | Czar Peter III of Russia
GB economy/finances
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| How did the set-up of the Polish sejm make it difficult to govern the country? | liberum veto made everyone have to vote for against something for it to be passed
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| Why was King John Sobieski III important? | He was the last Polish-born king
Helped at the Siege of Vienna by the Ottomans
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| What dynasty was Peter the Great part of? | Romanov Dynasty
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| What was the theme of Peter the Great's monarchy? | Westernization
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| How did Peter the Great curtail the power of the Boyars? | Beard Tax
Sleeve-cutting
Table of Ranks
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| How did Peter the Great curtail the power of the streltsy? | Table of Ranks
Brutal response to rebellion
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| How did Peter the Great curtail the power of the Church? | got rid of patriarch
established a symod (council)
headed by a layman
Not liked by the OLD BELIEVERS
made the church part of the government
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| What were the causes and effects of the Great Norther War? | Peter attacked Sweden (led by Charles XII) in order to establish a warm water port on the Baltic
Russia won
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| What were the benefits of mercantilism? | wealth is measured in gold and silver
wealth is finite
wealth must be taken from others
colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country
more exports than imports
rivalry b/t France, GB and Spain
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| What was triangular trade? | slaves from Africa to America
raw materials from America to Europe
manufactured goods from Europe to Africa and the Americas
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| Why did the European colonists think they needed slaves? | labor shortage
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| What was the flota system? | Spain had three ports in their colonies that they traded with twice a year that didn't produce enough goods for the colonists and caused smuggling
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| What is the significance in the War of Jenkins' Ear? | Argument over trading rights in the colonies b/t Spain and GB
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