Embryology of hear:t High Yeild Facts
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| Anbmormally narrowed right ventricular outflowtract (pulmonary infundibular stenosis)is one of the four components of ? | Teratology of Fallot
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| Teratology of Fallot occurs when | Ap septum fails to align properly with the AV septum.
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| Teratology of fallot resulting due to | an unequal division of the conus cordis and truncus arteriosum by the spriraling conotruncal septum
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| Overriding Aorta;Valvular and infundibular pulmonary stenosis; Large ventricular septal defect; Hypertrophic right ventricle | Four Charasteristics of TOF
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| Av sepetal defects are considered an type of endocardial __________ defect that results from incomplete formation of AV septum. Usually accompanied by AV valve abnormalities . | Cushion
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| Down syndrome usually associated with what type of defect | AV septal defect
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| Tricuspid atresia is a type of endocardial ______ defect. Insufficient amount of AV cushion available to form the trricuspid valve. | cushion
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| Cardiogenic cells of the PHF will specifically form | Both atria, The left ventricle, Right ventricle (part of it)
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| The cardiogenic heart cells reside in the splanchnic layer of | lateral plate mesoderm (splanchnopleure)
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| cardiogenic cells migrate toward the anterior portion of the embryo and position themselves rostral to the____. Become aranged in a U shaped region called ________ | buccopharyngeal membrane;Primary Heart Field
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| These cardiogenic cells appear slightly later (days 20 to 21) than those in the PHF | Secondary Heart field
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| SHF cells reside in the splanchnic layer of | lateral plate mesoderm.
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| Formation of Remainder of right ventricle (i.e., portion not formed by cardiogenic cells of PHF) | Secondary Heart Field (SHF)
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| Formation of Smooth portions of both ventricles | SHF
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| Formation of Outflow tract (i.e., proximal portions of aorta and pulmonary trunk) | SHF
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| The earliest sign of the heart is the appearance of paired cell cluster called____(approx. at day 21) | angioblastic cords
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| These angioblastic cords are the | heart primordium
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| In the cardiogenic area, the angioblastic cords lie __to the pericardial coelom (future pericardial cavity). | ventral
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| angioblastic cords are induced by the ____to remodel and form a pair of endocardial heart tubes. | endoderm of the foregut
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| As lateral embryonic folding occurs, the heart tubes approach each other and fuse to form | primitive heart tube
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| The primitive heart tube’s caudalmost ends do not fuse,they remain separate and are embedded in the | septum transversum
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| Septum transversum gives rise to the ______of the diaphragm and the connective tissue of the liver | central tendon
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| Heart is a tube consisting of an inner_____ and an outer myocardial layer | endothelial lining
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| The cardiac jelly is a thick secretion of the | primordial myocardium.
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| The ______is a gelatinous connective tissue that plays a central role in septation of the heart. | cardiac jelly
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| Forms endocardial cushions | cardiac jelly
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| The heart is initially suspended from the dorsal wall by a mesentery called | dorsal mesocardium.
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| Dorsal mesentery degenerates, forming a communication between the right and left sides of the | pericardial cavity
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| In the adult heart the remnants of the dorsal mesentery communication is the | transverse pericardial sinus
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| Mesothelial cells (splanchnopleure) from the region of the sinus venosus migrate over the heart to form the | epicardium
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| The single tubular heart begins to beat at about day___of development and begins to pump blood at about day __ | 22, 24
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| Blood enters the primitive heart from the Placenta via ____ | umbilical veins
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| Blood enters the primitive heart from Yolk sac via _____ | vitelline veins
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| Blood enters the primitive heart from Embryo via____ | common cardinal veins
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| The single tubular heart develops a series of constrictions and expansions dividing it into dilatations | TA,BC,PV,PA,SV
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| True or False: Sinus venosus is the confluence of the right and left sinus horns, and each sinus horn collects blood from the veins. | True
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| The sinus venosus empties into the primitive_____, where blood is propelled into the primitive ____ | atrium, ventricle
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| Embrionic dialation troncus arteriosum gives rise to _____ | aorta and pulmonary trunk
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| Embrionic bulbus cordis gives rise to_____ | smooth part of Right V(conus ateriousum)and Left V(aortic vestibule)
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| Contrary to what the BRS book says, trabeculated part of right ventricle arises from the_______ | Bulbus cordis
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| Embrionic dialation primitive ventricle gives rise to_____ | Trabeculated part of left ventricle
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| Embrionic dialation primitive atrium gives rise to_____ | Trabeculated part of Right A, trabeculated part of Left A,
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| Coronary sinus and oblique vein Left A arise from which embrionic dilation? | sinus venosus
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| Embrionic dialation sinus venosus gives rise to_____ | smooth part of right atrium
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| Smooth part of right atrium is formed by the incorporation of parts of the _____into the atrial wall. | pulmonary veins
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| The junction of the trabeculated and smooth parts of the right atrium is called the____ | crista terminalis
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| Entire right ventricle arises from ___dilation | bulbus cordis
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| Smooth portions of both ventricles arises from | bulbus cordis
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| results in originally caudal inflow portion (atrium) becomes positioned dorsal to the outflow tract | cardiac looping
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| During cardiac looping, the caudal (atrial) portion bends | dorsally, cranially, and to the left
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| During cardiac looping, the _______ portion of the tube bends ventrally, caudally, and to the right. | cephalic
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| In_____, the caudal (atrial) portion of the primitive heart tube loops to the right instead of the left. | dextrocardia
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| _____are thickened cardiac jelly. | Endocardial cushions
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| They form on the dorsal and ventral walls of the common atrioventricular (AV) canal. | Endocardial cushions
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| The endocardial cushions also contribute to the formation of AV valves and the ____portion of the IV septum. | membranous
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| PHF cells are induced by underlying ____ to form cardiac myoblasts and blood islands. | forgut endoderm
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