The Nervous System
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| The three functions of the nervous system are... | Sensory input, integration, and motor output.
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| Motor output is an example of a... | function of the nervous system.
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| The division of the brain that consists of the brain and spinal chord is... | The central nervous system
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| The division of the brain that consists of the nerves and ganglia is... | The peripheral nervous system.
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| The cells in the nervous tissue that supports an nourishes neurons is... | nueroglia
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| The cells in the nervous tissue that transmits nerve impulses... | neurons
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| The body, dendrites, and the axon are the three major divisions of a... | neuron
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| A bundle of axons in the PNS is a... | nerve
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| A bundle of axons in the CNS is a... | tract
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| This neuron carries sensory information from receptors to the CNS... | sensory
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| This neuron carries impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands. | motor
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| These neurons form pathways in the CNS... | interneurons
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| A nerve signal is known as... | an action potential
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| The cell membrane has a ______ charge on the inside. | negative
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| The cell membrane has a _______ charge on the outside. | positive
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| The potential energy that exists across a cell membrane is called... | resting membrane potential
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| Where does an action potential occur? | the axon
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| At the start of an action potential, channels for sodium open, allowing it to move _____ the cell. | into
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| The movement of sodium into the cell creates a ______ change in membrane potential, causing ___________. | positive, depolarization
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| After depolarization, _______ channels close and _______ channels open. | sodium, potassium
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| As potassium moves out, the cell becomes more _______, causing ________. | negative, repolarization
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| In a myelinated axon, the potential jumps from one _________ to the next. | node of Ranvier
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| The conduction of an action potential in a mylelinated neuron is... | saltatory
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| The axon can branch into many endings that are known as... | axon terminals
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| In the axon terminal there are _______ filled with neurotransmitters. | vesicles
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| When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, channels for ______ open and ions move ____ the axon. | calcium, into
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| Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to ______ on the _________ neuron. | receptors, post-synaptic
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| The protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord are called.... | meninges
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| The outermost layer of the meninges is the... | dura mater
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| The middle layer of the meninges is the... | arachnoid mater
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| The deepest layer of the meninges is the... | pia mater
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| The empty space between the dura and arachnoid is the... and what does it contain.... | subdural space
it contains serous fluid
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| The space between the arachnoid and the pia is the... | subarachnoid
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| The subarachnoid is full of... | cerebrospinal fluid
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| The spinal cord begins at the base of the brain and travels through the large opening called the... | formen magnum
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| What is the somatic nervous system? | Voluntary actions that we chose to do
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| What is the autonomic nervous system? | Involuntary actions that we undertake (E.g Breathing, however we can make this somatic)
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| What is the sympathetic division? | Mobilises body systems during emergency situations 'flight or fight'
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| What is the parasympathetic division? | Conserves energy, promotes non-emergency functions 'Rest and digest'
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| What is another word for the sensory division? | Afferent
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| What is another word for the motor division? | Efferent
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| What are myotomes? | A group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve root. They control the movement of muscles. (Motor division)
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| What are dermatomes? | An area of skin that is controlled by a single spinal nerve. They relay sensation to the brain. (Sensory division)
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| Barorecepetors | baroreceptors function to inform the autonomic nervous system of beat-to-beat changes in blood pressure within the arterial system
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| chemoreceptors | transmit nervous signals to the respiratory center in the brain to help regulate respiratory activity.
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| Dendrites | they receive and carry incoming action potentials towards cell bodies.
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