Charles II, James II
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| Charles II and Parliament | Legal basis of land tenure was changed
Some feudal payments to king were abolished
Beginning of modern private property
Parliament controlled king's income
Landed aristocrats were more willing to pay taxes themselves
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| Landowners | In control of national affairs and local affairs
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| Squirearchy | Regime of landowner justices
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| Dissenters | Former Puritans who renounced the imposition of the Church of England
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| Exclusion of Dissenters | Dissenting clergy cannot teach in schools
Be within 5 mi of a incorporated town
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| Exclusion of Dissenters: Influence on Middle Class | Almost impossible to follow Puritan doctrines, receive education, take part in government (House of Commons and local affairs)
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| Exclusion of Dissenters: Influence on the Lowest Class | Discouraged from following dissenting preachers
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| Act of Settlement | Each parish was only responsible for own paupers
Immobilized large part of English population
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| Treaty of Dover (Secret treaty) | Between Louis XIV and Charles II
English promise of aiding France in war against the Dutch (1672) in exchange for payment
Louis XIV hoped to convert Charles II to Catholicism
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| Declaration of Indulgence | An attempt by Charles II to grant liberty of religion to Protestant nonconformists in England; favor of general toleration
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| Test Act | Requiring public office holders to swear an oath of loyalty to the Anglican Church; forbid Catholics from holding political and military offices
Anglicans were given monopoly over all gov't and military
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| James II | Openly Catholic English king; strong religious toleration
Suspended Test Act
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| Exclusion Crisis | The conflict between Parliamentarians over James II as King
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| Whigs | Exclusionists, anti-King
Supported by middle class, merchants, upper aristocracy (who wanted to be the primary power)
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| Tories | Supporters of the King; lesser nobles and gentry; suspicious of the wealthy
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| Glorious Revolution: Causes | Whigs and Tories joined forced against James II and offered crown to Mary and William of Orange
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| William of Orange: Motives | Enhance European balance of power
Protect Dutch Republic from Spain
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| English POV: War of League of Augsburg | French victory would mean counterrevolution and royal absolutism because Louis XIV refused to recognize William as King and would reinstate James II
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| Bill of Rights | Enumerates certain guarantees for all English citizens
1. Parliament's power of the purse
2. Due process
3. Habeas Corpus
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| Act of Settlement | No Catholics can be English Monarchs
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| Toleration Act | Allowed Dissenters freedom of worship but excluded from political offices ect
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| Scotland and England | English economic advantages:
Scots allowed to keep own legal system and Presbyterian Church but everything else was merged w/ England (gave mercantilist rights, ect)
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| Ireland and England | England removed all traces of Catholicism, and Ireland was invaded by English landed settlers
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| Catholic Subjugation in Ireland | Penal Code: No college degree
Limitation in inheritance
Exclusion of Irish Shipping (removal of Competition)
No private property
No voting, office holding
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| Bank of England | Good credit, controlled by monied aristocrats
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| True aristocratic rule | Rule by the gentlemen of England; Parliament exert power over monarchy by controlling who sat on throne
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| Purposes of Irish Penal Code | 1. Strategic- Weaken Ireland threat against post-Revolutionist England
2. Commercial- English manufacturers>Irish
3. Social- Reaffirm Anglican Interest
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