Skeletal System
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| _____ Is the study of joints. | Arthology
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| Where two or more bones meet. | Articulation
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| What are Joints classified by? | Freedom of movement, or structure
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| The classification is based on the way bones are held together. | Structural
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| This classification is based on relative joint mobility. | Functional
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| Bones seperated by a joint cavity, lubricated by synovial fluid, enclosed in fibrous joint capsule is? | Synovial Joint
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| Bones held together by collagenous fibers extending from the matrix of one bone into the matrix of the next; no joint cavity | Fibrous joint
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| Bones held together by cartilage; no joint cavity. | Cartilaginous
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| A skull suture is what kind of joint in regards to structural classification? | Fibrous
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| The intervertebral discs are what kind of joint in regards to structural classicfication? | Cartiliginous
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| Freely movable joints are? | Diarthroses
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| What are 3 examples of a Diarthroses? | Shoulder, elbow, carpal joints
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| Joints with little or no movement are? | Synarthroses
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| What are 3 examples of Synarthroses? | Skull sutures, teeth in sockets, epiphyseal plates
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| What are the 3 Fibrous joints? | Sutures, gomphese, and syndesmoses
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| What are the two types of carliginous joints? | Synchondroses and symphyses
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| Peg and socket, such as a tooh is what kind of joint? | Gomphoses
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| What ligament is a tooth held in place by? | Fibrous Peridontal Ligament
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| Which fibrous joint is the most movable? | Syndesmoses
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| Joint in which 2 bones are bound by a ligament only? | Syndesmoses
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| Bones joined by hyaline cartilidge are? | Synchondroses joints.
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| Most of these are freely moveably | Synovial Joints
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| Viscous, slippery fluid rich in albumin and hyaluronic acis and similiar to raw egg white. | Synovial Fluid
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| In a ___ Joint, a smooth head fits within a cuplike depression. | Ball and Socket Joint
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| What joint is multiaxial and has the most range of motion? | Ball and socket Joint
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| One bone with convex surface that fits into a concave depression on the other bone is? | Hinge joint
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| Each articular surface is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other, what is this joint? | Saddle Joint
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| In a ____ Joint, one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament of another. | Pivot Joint
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| Flat articular surfaces in which bones slide over each other are? | Gliding joints
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| Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on the next | Condyloid Joint
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| ___ Decreses the angle of a joint | Flexion
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| _____ straightens a joint and returns a body part to the anatomical position. | Extension
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| ___ is extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees. | Hyperextension
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| ___ is the movement of a part away from the midsagittal line as in raising the arm to the side | abduction
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| ______ is movement towards the midsaggital line. | adduction
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| ______ is a movement that raises a bone vertically | Elevation
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| _____ is lowering the mandible or the shoulders. | Depression
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| _____ is movement of a bone anterior(forward) on a horizontal plane. | Protraction
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| ____ is movement of a bone posterior on a horizontal plane. | Retraction
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| A sideways movemnt to the right or left is? | Lateral excursion
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| A movement back to the midline. | Medial Excursion
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| Movement in which one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion | Circumduction
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| ______ is rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward | Supination
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| ____ is rotation of the forearm so the palm faces downward | Pronation
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| ____ is movement of the thumb to approach or touch the fingertips | Opposition
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| ___ is movement back to the anatomical position | Reposition
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| ______ is raising of the toes as when you swing the foot forward to take a step. | Dorsiflexion
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| The extension of the foot so that the toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe | Plantar flexion
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| ___ is a movement in which the soles are turned medially, hallux up. | Inversion
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| _____ is a turning of the soles to face laterally, hallux down. | Eversion
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| The ____ Skeleton for the central axis, the skull, vertebral column, ribs and bony thorax. | Axial
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| ____ Skeleton includes the limbs and girdles | Appendicular
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| There are _____ bones in a typical adult skeleton. | 206
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| How many bones are in the skull | 22
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| ___ Bone forms 'the forehead and part of the roof of the cranium | Frontal bone
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| _____ Bone is bordered by four sutures and forms the cranial roof and part of its lateral walls. | Parietal bone
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| ______ Bone fors the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor. | Temporal bone
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| _____ bone is the rear and much of the base of the skull. | Occipital Bone
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| ______Bone is an irregular butterfly shaped bone, also called the keystone of the cranium. | Sphenoid bone
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| _______ Bone Forms the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity. | Ethmoid bones
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| __ Bones form the upper jaw | Maxillary bone
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| _____ Bones are an L shaped bone, 1/3 of the hard palate, part of lateral nasal wall and part of the orbital floor. | Palatine bones
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| ____ Bones forms the angels of the cheekbones | Zygomatic bones
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| Bones forms the bridge of the nose and supports cartilages of the noise | Nasal bone
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| The _____ Supports cartliage of nasal septum | Vomer
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| The only bone of the skull that can move, holds the lower teeth. | Mandible
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| .The _____ Bone is suspended from styloid processes of the skull by a sylohyoid muscle and ligament | Hyoid bone
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| Spaces between unfused skull bones are called? | Fontanels
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| How many vertebrae are in the cervical region? | Seven
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| How many vertebrae are in the thoracis region? | Twelve
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| How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region? | Five
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| ____ Is from lack of proper development of one vertebrae, resulting in an S shaped spine. | Scoliosis
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| A Bone disease caused by Osteoporosis | Kyphosis
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| is from weak abdominal muscles | Lordosis
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| ____ discs bond vertebrae together, serve as a shock absorber | intervertebral
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| The ______ girdle attatches the upper extremity to the body | Pectoral
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| What are the 3 types of skeletal cartlidge? | Hyaline,Eleastic, and fibrocartlidge
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| ____ Cartlidge provides support, flexibility and resilience. It is the most abundant skeletal cartliage. | Hyaline cartilidge
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| Similar to hyaline cartlige but contains elastic fibers | Elastic cartlidge
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| This Cartlidge is highly compress with great tensile strength, contains collagen fibers | Fibrocartilidge
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| _______ Bones are longer than they are wide. | Long bones
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| _____ Bones are cuber shaped bones of the wrist and ankle. | Short bones
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| _____ Bones are thin, flattened and a bit curved | Flat bones
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| .___ Bones are bones with complicated shapes. | Irregular
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| What are the functions of bones? | Support, protection, movement, Mineral storage, Blood cell formation
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| In regards to bone markings, a rounded projection is? | Tuberosity
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| A narrow, prominent ridge of a bone is? | Crest
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| A large blunt irregular surface is? | Trochanter
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| A narrow ridge of boneis? | A line
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| A small rounded projection is? | A tubercle
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| A raised area above a condyle is? | An epicondyle
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| A shape slender projection is? | A spine
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| Any bony prominence is a? | Process
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| A bony expansion carried on a narrow neck is a? | Head
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| A smooth, nearly flat surface is a ? | Facet
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| A rounded articular projection is? | A condyle
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| An armlike bar of bone is a ? | Ramus
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| A canal like passageway is? | A meatus
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| A cavity within in a bone is? | A sinus
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| A shallow, basin like depression is? | A fossa
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| A furrow is? | A groove
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| A narrow, slitlike opening is a ? | Fissure
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| A round or oval opening through a bone is a? | Foramen
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| What are the 2 types of bone texture? | Compact and spongy
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| The tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones, that is made of compact bone and surrounds the medullary cavity. | Diaphysis
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| The _____ is the expanded ends of long bones, the joint surface is covered with articular cartliage | Epiphyses
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| The double- layered protective membrane covering a bone. | Periosteum
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| The delicate membrane covering the internal surface of a bone. | Endosteum
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| The structural unit of a compact bone is called _________. | Osteon or Haversian system
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| The weight bearing, column like matrix tube composed mainly of collagen is the ______. | Lamella
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| . The central channel containing blood vessels and nerves is the__________. | Central canal
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| __________ Canal is channels laying at right angels to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the harvasian canal. | Volkmanns
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| Mature bone cells are called ________. | Osteocytes
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| Small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes | Lacunae
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| The hairlike canalsthat connect lacunae to each other and the central canal. | Canaliculi
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| Bone- Forming cells are _______. | Osteablasts
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| Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix | Osteoclasts
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| Unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycan, glycoproteins and collagen. | Osteoid.
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| bone ends retain the normal position in the break. | non displaced
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| Bones ends are out of normal alignment in the break | Displaced
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| Bone is broken all the way through in this break | Complete
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| bone is not broken all the way through in this break. | Incomplete
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| The fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone | Linear
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| The fracture is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. | Transverse
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| Bone ends penetrate the skin | Simple
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| Bone fragments into 3 or more pieces; common in the elderly | Comminuted
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| Ragged break when bone is excessively twisted | Spiral
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| Broken bone portion pressed inward | Depressed
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| Bone is crushed | Compression
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| Bone are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bone. Pain when weight applied to affected bone. | Osteamalacia
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| . Bones of children are inadequaltely mineralized causing softened weakened bones, bowed legs and deformities of the pelvis, skull and rib cage. | Rickets
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| Group of disease in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit. | Osteoporosis
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| Characterized by excessive bone formation and breakdown. | Pagets disease
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| What are the 4 characteristics of muscle fibers? | Excitability, Contractility, extensibility, elasticity.
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| How are muscles named? | Location, action, size, shape, number of heads, origin and instertion, direction of fibers.
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| What are the function of the nervous system? | Sensory input, Motor output, Intergration
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| What allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles? | The somatic Nervous System
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| Which type of glial cell monitors the health of neurons and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? | Microglia
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| What type of glial cell produces the myelin sheathes? | Oligondendrocytes.
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| What PNS neuroglia help to form mylein sheathes around larger nerve fibers in the PNS? | Schwann Cells
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| What are bundles of neurofilaments important in maintaining the shape and integrity of neurons? | Neruofibrils
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| Which of the following is the conducting region of the neuron? | axon
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| Which criteria is used to functionally classify neurons? | Direction nerve impulses travel relative to the CNS
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| Which of the following circuit types is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as the sleep-wake cycle, breathing, and certain motor activities (such as arm swinging when walking)? | Reverberating circuits
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| Which pattern or neural processing works in a predictable, all-or-nothing manner, where reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli in which a particular stimulus always causes the same response? | Serial Processing
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| That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. | somatic
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| What type of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS? | Motor
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| ________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other | astrocytes
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| Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. | oligodendrocytes
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| Bipolar neurons are commonly ________ | Found in the retina
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| Ependymal cells ________. | help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid
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| In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________. | negatively charged and contains less sodium
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| What type of stimulus is required for an action potential to be generated? | A threshold level stimulus
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| Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? | POTASSIUM
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| What does the difference in the K+ and Na+ concentration on either side of the plasma membrane (and permeability of the membrane to those ions) generate? | Resting membrane potential
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| Where in the neuron is an action potential initually generated? | Axon hillock
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| The depolarization phase of an action potential results from the opening of which channels? | Voltage gated Calcium Channels
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| The repolarization phase of an action potential results from __________. | the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels
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| Hyperpolarization results from __________. | slow closing of voltage-gated K+ channels
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| What is the magnitude (amplitude) of an action potential? | 100MV
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| Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. | The Myelin Sheath
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| During depolarization, which gradient(s) move(s) Na+ into the cell? |
both the electrical and chemical gradients
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