Connective tissue
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| what is the main structural unit of the connective tissue | the abundant extracellular matrix
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| what is the abundant extracellular matrix made of | fibers and the ground substance
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| what are the fibers in the extracellular matrix made of | collagen, elastin and reticular
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| what is the gel made of | glycosaminglycans, proteoglycans, water and ions
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| what are three things that in total, make up connective tissue | cells, fibers and the ground substance.
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| what are the two major groups that connective tissue is divided into | ordinary and special connective tissue
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| what are the subcategories underneath the "ordinary" division | loose, dense irregular and dense regular
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| what is the subcategory underneath the "special" division | adipose tissue, cartilage tissue and bone tissue.
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| what type of cell forms the extracellular matrix of ordinary connective tissue | fibroblast cells.
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| what chemical does fibroblast cells secrete and in what form | they secrete collagen in the form of procollagen molecules.
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| what happens to the procollagen molecules when the are free within the matrix | they join to form fibers.
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| when procollagen molecules form thick bundles orientated in a number of different planes, what type of ordinary connective tissue do they form? | dense irregular connective tissue
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| what type of tissue does the procollagen molecules form when whey they make fibers that run parallel to each other | dense regular connective tissue
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| which type of tissue are fibroblasts most abundant in | ordinary connective tissue
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| is bone considered to be a connective tissue | absolutely
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| what is bone made of | cells and fibers that are embedded in a hard, mineralised substance.
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| what is the main structural unit of bone | osteons
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| what sheaths the inside and outside surfaces of bones | endosteum on the inside and periosteum on the outside.
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| what are the two layers or periosteum | the outer protective fibrous layer and the inner cellular osteogenic layer
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| what cells are within the osteogenic layer | osteoprogenitor cells
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| what do osteoprogenitor cells mature into | osteoblast cells, which form the bone
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| what does "osteoblasts synthesise the extracellular matrix" mean? | the osteoblast cells syntehsise the collagen fibers of the bone and teh ground substance of the bone which is called osteoid which is called prebone.
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| what must be present to allow the bone to calcify | the local combined concentration of calcium and phosphate ions must reach a particular level that allow calcium phosphate deposition.
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| what happens when matrix secretion is almost complete | the osteoblasts surround themselves with osteoid and they become osteocytes.
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| what are osteocytes responsible for | they are responsible for maintaining the matrix of the bone
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| what is the "pit" called that an osteocyte sits in | lacuna
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| what is lamellar and what age of animal is it found in | it is found in aged animals and lamellar are a layer of collagen fibers that eventually form a ring pattern in the bones.
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| what is found within an osteon | a series of concentric rings made from layers of bone matrix around a canal that has a blood vessel, lymph vessel and nerve travel
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| where are osteocytes found | they are found been the concentric lamellae and maintain cell to cell contact
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| what allows the transport of substances between the blood vessels in the canal and the bone matrix | the osteocytes
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| what are osteoclasts | they are large, multi-nucleated motile cells, resorb surplus/inferior bone matrix. are needed for remodelling when there is bone repair or growth. also help with the removal of substranded/weakened matrix that must be replaced.
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