Tissues, bones and joints
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| What is "anatomy" | the study of form within the animalia skeleton
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| describe the general animal organisation | Apparatus (animal) - made by systems - systems made by organs - organs made my tissues - tissues made by cells.
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| name the four main tissues of the body | epithelial, muscular, connective, nervous
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| describe epithelial tissue | it lines the exterior body and also internal cavities
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| describe muscular tissue | has a contractile function, this can be voluntary or involuntary.
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| what are the three types of muscular tissue | skeletal, smooth and cardiac
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| describe nervous tissue | allows communication throughout the body
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| what are the two cells groups within the nervous tissue | neurons/nerve cells and glia cells
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| name the different apparatus in the body | digestive, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, locomotor, urogenital, nervous and integumental
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| what are the three types of joints in the body | fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
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| describe a fibrous joint | it has no motility, has no articular cartilage and can be of two types (1) suture (2) syndesmosis
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| describe a suture fibrous joint | a suture fibrous joint ossifies over time, is mostly flat, found in the skull, scapula and face
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| describe a syndesmosis fibrous joint | does not ossify over time, is found in the connection between radius/ulna and fibia/tibia and the costal cartilages.
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| describe a cartilaginous joint | has slight motility, has an articular cavity, has two types (1) syndrochrosis (2) symphysis
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| describe a syndrochrosis cartilaginous joint | has articular cartilage with HYALINE, ossifies over time
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| give an example of where a syndrochrosis cartilaginous joint would be found | in the connection between the basiocciptal and basisphenoid of the skull
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| describe a symphysis cartilaginous joint | has articular cavities that are made of fibrocartilage, doesn't ossify over time
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| give an example of where the symphysis cartilaginous joint may be found | between the vertebrae bones in the vertebral column
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| what does the term 'hyaline' mean | it is a product that is produced when epithelial surfaces rub together
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| describe a synovial joint | has the most movement, are found mostly in the appendicular skeleton but is very common in the whole body
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| what are two parts that make a synovial joint | a cavus articulare which is a joint cavity and a capsula articularis which is a joint capsule
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| what type of fluid does a synovial joint have | synovia or synovial fluid
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| ow many bones can be in a synovial joint and depending on the number of bones involved, what type of synovial joint is it | a synovial joint that involves just 2 bones = simple, a synovial joint that has more than 2 = a compound joint.
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| an example of the synovial simple joint | the shoulder joint of the dog, made of the scapula and the humerus
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| an example of a synovial compound joint | the stifle joint of the dog, the femero-tibio-patella joint.
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| synvoial joints are classified depending on the amount of movement and direction of movement that joint can allow, what are the different groups in relation to this? | plane, saddle, hinge, condyler, trochoid, spheroid
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| name the regions of the axial skeleton | cranium, cirvical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae and caudal vertebrae. the ribs and the sternum.
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| name the two parts of the appendicular skeleton. | (1) the thoracic/fore limb (2) the pelvic/ hind limb
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| name the bones in the thoracic limb of the appendicular skeleton | scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, digits and phalanges
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| name the bones in the pelvic limb of the appendicular skeleton | pelvic bone, femur, fibia, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, digits and phalanges
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| name the joints in the thoracic limb of the appendicular skeleton | shoulder joint, elbow joint, the 2 radiulnar joints (proximal and distal), carpals joints, intermetacarpal joints, phalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints
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| name the joints in the pelvic limb of the appendicular skeleton | sacroilac joint, pelvic symphyis, coxofemoral joint, stifle joint, tibiofibular joints, tarsus/hock joint
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| what type of joints is the majority of the skull made from | fibrous joints that do not provide movement
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| what type of joints are in the vertebral column | symphysis cartilaginous joints and synovial joints with articular processes. provide movement.
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| atlanto occipital joints | are a condyler joints that is acting as a hinge joint between the occipital condyles and the cranial articular surfaces
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| atlanto axial joint | a pivot type synovial joint between the dens of axis and cranial surfaces of the atlas
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| costovertebraljoints | are between the ribs and vertebrae. this includes the rib/head joints and the rib tubercle joints.
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| what is the main types of joint in the skull? | fibrous joints
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| what is the main types of joint in the vertebral coloumn? | cartilaginous joints
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| what is the main type of joint in the appendicular limbs? | synovial joints
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| what are the different types of bones | long, short, irregular, pneumatic, flat
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| what is the outer most membrane of a bone | the periosteum.
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| what are the purposes of having bone | as a structural unit, protection for the vital organs, strength, muscle attachment, blood cell production, having a calcium/phosphorous store, giving the body a frame, movement.
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| what are the two typical parts of a long bone | two epiphysis and one diaphysis
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