Exercise 4 of A & P lab book
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| compound microscope | a microscope which uses several lenses to diresct a narrow beam of light a thin specimen mounted on a glass slide
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| field of view | a round viewing area of the lenes
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| total magnification of the microcope | multiply the ocular lens magnification and the objective lens magnification to get this
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| What is the function of th iris diaphragm on a microscope? | It regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser.
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| parfocal | a design name of a microscope which means the microscope will stay in focus when changingfrom one objective to another
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| cell theory | (1) All plants and animals are composed of cells
(2) all cells come from preexsisting cells
(3) cells are the smallest living units of life
(4) homeostasis is the result of the coordinated activities of all cells in an organism
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| How many cells are you composed of? | 75 Trillion
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| plasma membrane (cell membrane) | the outer boundry of a cell
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| nucleus | the central structure of a cell which holds the DNA
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| organelles | all the internal structures of a cell
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| cytoplasm | all the volume inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus
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| cytosol | a liquid that suspends all organelles
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| microvilli | small folds in the plasma membrane
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| centrioles | paired organelles composed of microtubules
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| microtubules | long hollow tubes made of protein
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| tubulin | potein that makes up microtubules
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| centrosome | the area surrounding the centrioles
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| spindle fibers | radiate from the centrioles and help pulle the chromosomes from the nucleus apart
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| cytoskeleton | made of microtubules and used for structural support
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| cilia | short, hairlike, nonmembraneous projections that extend from the plasma membrane
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| ribosomes | direct protein synthesis in the cell
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| chromatin | uncoiled chromosomes consisting of DNA
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| nucleolus | produces ribosomal RNA molecules for the creation of ribosomes
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| endoplasmic reticulum | an organelle that synthesises recycles organic molecules, transport materials within the cell and stores molecules
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| golgi apparatus | series of flattened sacules adjoining to the ER, can modify and secrete proteins
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| exocytosis | process in the Gogli where secretory vesicles pinch off sacules, fuse with the plasma membrane and then rupture to release their contents into extracellular fluid
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| lysosomes | produced by Golgi and are filled with enymes that digest worn out cells or foreign invaders
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| peroxisomes | vesicles filled with enzymes that break down fatty acids and other organic molecules, protect cell structure by breaking down hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water
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| mitochondria | produce useful energy for the cell
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| matrix | located in the mitochodria and produces ATP
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| mitosis | the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and is equally divided between the two forming cells
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| cytokenisis | separates the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells
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| interphase | the portion of the cell cycle that the cells are in most of the time includes G sub 0 phase, G sub 1 phase, and S phase
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| G sub 0 phase | in this phase a cell is performing its specialized functions and is NOT preparing to divide
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| G sub 1 Phase | in this phase the cell is carrying out protein syntesis, growth, and replication of organelles
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| S Phase | this is the phase the cell replicates the DNA
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| chromatid | the indivdual pieces of the chromosomes, one is the original and one is the duplicate
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| G sub 2 phase | in this phase the cell synthesises protein and replicates the centriole pair
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| M phase | the time of mitosis, nuclear material divides
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| prophase | chromosomes shorten and move toward the middle of the cell and centriole pairs begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
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| metaphase | chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate
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| anaphase | separation of the chromosomes
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| cytokenisis | marks the end of anaphase as a cleavage furrow develops along the metaphase plate and the plasma membrane pinches
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| teleophase | each batch of chromosomes unwinds inside a newly formes nuclear envelope
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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