Overview and development of the back 10/1/12
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| What are the regions of the developing spinal cord? | neuroepithelial, mantle, marginal
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| What does the neuroepithelial zone develop into? | all spinal neurons and some support cells
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| What does the mantle develop into? | Neuroblast cells - alar and basal plates
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| What does the marginal zone develop into? | White matter - anterior
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| Where are sensory cell bodies located? | alar plates --> posterior horn
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| Where are motor cell bodies located? | basal plates --> anterior horn
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| Where is the intermediate horn located? | between the anterior and posterior horn (sympathetic cells) (ANS)
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| Roots develop from __________. | axons
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| What does the alar plate contain? | posterior horn - sensory neurons
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| What does the basal plate contain? | Anterior horn - motor neurons
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| What does the intermediate horn contain? | Sympathetic cells (ANS)
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| Where are spinal ganglia cells derived from? | Neural crest
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| What do spinal ganglia contain? | sensory root axons to dorsal horn
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| What do anterior horn cells contain? | Motor root axons to myotome
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| What does a dermatome innervate? | Skin
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| What does a myotome innervate? | Skeletal muscle
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| What does a sclerotome innervate? | Connective tissue
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| What is the C3 dermatome landmark? | Neck
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| What is the T4 dermatome landmark? | Nipple
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| What is the T10 dermatome landmark? | Umbilicus
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| What is the L1 dermatome landmark? | inguinal line
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| What is the C8 dermatome landmark? | 5th digit of the hand
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| What is the C6 dermatome landmark? | Pollex
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| What is the L4 dermatome landmark? | Knee
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| What is the L5 dermatome landmark? | Anterior ankle and foot
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| What is the S2 dermatome landmark? | Posterior lower limb
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| Where do the nerves that go through the anterior ramus go? | Hypomere
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| What does the hypomere consist of? | Skin everywhere but midline of back, and hypaxial (extrinsic) muscles
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| Where do the nerves that go through the posterior root go? | Epimere
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| What does the epimere consist of? | skin along the midline of back (to costal angle) and to epaxial (intrinsic) back muscles
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| How does development of the sclerotome occur? | Resegmentation to allow for gap for axon.
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| How many sclerotome segments is each vertebrae made of? |
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| What does sclerotomal mesenchyme surround, and what does it become? | neural tube and notochord. Becomes vertebrae and ribs
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| What does the mesenchyme condense into? | Cartilage --> bone
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| What is the last part of the vertebrae to form? | spinous process
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| What happens when the spinous process doesn't form? | Spina bifida
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| What is the spina bifida characterized by incomplete formation with usually no adverse effects? Hairs will form over location. | Spina bifida occulta
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| What is the spina bifida characterized by the development of herniation without spinal cord displacement? | Meningocele
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| What is the spina bifida where the spinal cord herniates into subarachnoid space? | Meningomyelocele
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| What is the fatal form of spina bifida involving folded neural tissue? Fetus usually doesn't come to term. | Rachischisis
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| The notochord leaves no trace, except as the _______ _________. | nucleus pulposus
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| The sclerotomal mesenchyme becomes the __________. | vertebra
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| The nucleus pulposus is surrounded by a ring of fibrocartilage called the ___________ __________. | anulus fibrosus
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| In the embryo, where does the spinal cord end? | Full length of vertebral canal
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| At 6 months gestation, where does the spinal cord end? | S1
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| In the newborn, where does the spinal cord end? | L2-L3
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| Over the age of 2, where does the spinal cord end? | L1-L2
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| Vertebral body T12 is in close association with the _________ _________ cord segments | lower lumbar
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| Vertebral body L1 is in close association with all ___________ spinal cord segments | sacral
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