Chapter 5 The Integumentary System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 3 major skin regions | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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| superficial skin region | epidermis
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| middle skin region | dermis
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| deepest skin region | hypodermis, subcutaneous layer under skin, mostly adipose tissue
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| keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | epidermis
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| contains melanocytes that produce skin pigment | epidermis
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| 5 layers of epidermis, bottom to top | stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
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| deepest layer firmly attached to dermis | stratum basale
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| single row of stem cells that undergo rapid division | stratum basale
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| web-like system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes | stratum spinosum
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| abundant melanin granules and dendritic cells | stratum spinosum
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| thin, 3 to 5 cell layers where cells flatten | stratum granulosum
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| keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulate | stratum granulosum
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| only on think skim, palmar, plantar | stratum lucidum
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| thin, clear band above stratum granulosum | stratum lucidum
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| 3/4 thickness of epidermis | stratum corneum
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| protects from abrasion and penetration, waterproofs, acts as barrier | stratum corneum
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| strong flexible connective tissue (dense regular), cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells | dermis
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| 2 layers of the dermis | papillary layer, reticular layer
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| areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels | papillary layer
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| dermal papillae contain capillary loops and free nerve endings | papillary layer
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| 80% thickness of the dermis | reticular layer
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| collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency | reticular layer
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| elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties | reticular layer
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| 2 types of sweat/sudoriferous glands | eccrine and apocrine
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| glands that release sweat | eccrine glands
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| ducts connect to pores | eccrine glands
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| glands confined to axillary and anogenital areas | apocrine glands
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| release sebum | apocrine glands
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| sweat + fatty substances + protein | sebum
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| glands functional from puberty on | apocrine glands
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| secrete cerumen (wax) | ceruminous glands
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| produce milk | mammary glands
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| widely distributed glands, develop from hair follicles, secrete sebum | sebaceous/oil glands
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| dead keratinized cells | hair
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| hair pigments | melanins
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| sensory nerve endings around each hair bulb, stimulated by bending hair | hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)
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| smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for goose bumps | arrector pili
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