Chapter 4 Tissues
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| groups of cells similar in structure and function | tissue
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| 4 types of tissues | epithelial, connective, nerve, muscle
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| type of tissue that forms boundaries | epithelial
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| cells have polarity | epithelial
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| composed of closely packed cells | epithelial
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| supported by connective tissue | epithelial
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| high rate of regeneration | epithelial
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| apical surfaces | upper, microvilli and cilia
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| basal surfaces | attached, lower
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| 1 layer of cells | simple epithelium
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| more than one layer of cells | stratified epithelium
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| one layer of cells, looks like multiple layers | pseudostratified epithelium
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| flattened cells | squamous
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| cube cells | cuboidal
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| column cells | columnar
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| single layer of flattened cells | simple squamous
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| located in kidney and lungs | simple squamous
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| allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration | simple squamous
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| single layer of cube cells, round nuclei | simple cuboidal
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| function: secretion and absorption | simple cuboidal
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| located in kidney tubules | simple cuboidal
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| lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels and heart | simple squamous, endothelium
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| epithelium of serious membranes in ventral body cavity | simple squamous, mesothelium
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| single layer of tall cells, oval nuclei | simple culumnar
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| function: absorption and secretion of mucus | simple columnar
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| located in the digestive tract | simple columnar
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| single layer of cells of different heights | pseudostratified columnar
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| function: secretion, usually mucus | pseudostratified columnar
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| located along trachea and most of upper respiratory tract | pseudostratified columnar
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| think membrane of several cell layers, basal layer is cuboidal or columnar, surface cells are flat | stratified squamous
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| protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion | stratified squamous
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| located in the linings of the mouth and forms epidermis | stratified squamous
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| sweat and mammary glands, rare, 2 cell layers hink | stratified cuboidal and columnar
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| resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal | transitional epithelium
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| stretches and permits distension | transitional epithelium
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| located in ureters, bladder, part of urethra | transitional epithelium
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| protects, supports and binds together other body tissues | connective tissues
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| most abundant and widely distributed tissue in body | connective tissue
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| 4 classes of connective tissue | blood, bone tissue, cartilage, connective tissue proper
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| mitotically active and secretory cells | blasts
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| mature cells | cytes
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| fibroblasts | connective tissue proper
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| chondroblasts and chondrocytes | cartilage
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| osteoblasts and osteocytes | bone
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| hematopoietic stem cells, fat cells, white blood cells, mast cells, macrophages | bone marrow
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| 3 types of loose connective tissue | areolar, adipose, reticular
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| matrix with all 3 fiber types | areolar
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| wraps and cushions organs | areolar
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| widely distributed under epidermis | areolar
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| nucleus pushed to side by fat droplet | adipose
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| provides reserve food fuel | adipose
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| located under skin in the hypodermis | adipose
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| network of reticular fibers | reticular
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| supports other cell types | reticular
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| located in lymphoid organs | reticular
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| primarily parallel collagen fibers | dense regular
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| attaches muscles to bones or muscles | dense regular
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| tendons, most ligaments | dense regular
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| 3 types of cartilage | hyaline, elastic, fibro
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| chondrocytes lie in lacunae within matrix | hyaline cartilage
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| cartilage that supports and reinforces | hyaline
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| all adult cartilage structures articulated with bone | hyaline
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| matrix similar but less firm than hyaline | fibrocartilage
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| cartilage that absorbs compressive shock | fibrocartilage
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| cartialge located in invertebral discs, knee joint discs | fibrocartilage
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| hard calcified matrix | osseous tissue, bone
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| bone supports and protects by enclosing | osseous tissue, bone
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| located in bones | osseous tissue, bone
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| composed of branched neurons | nervous tissue
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| transmits electric signals | nervous tissue
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| located in brain, spinal cord, nerves | nervous tissue
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| 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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| long, cylindrical, obvious striations, multi-nuclei | skeletal muscle
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| voluntary movement | skeletal muscle
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| branching, striated, specialized junctions | cardiac muscle
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| uniform contraction, involuntary movement | cardiac muscle
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| located in the walls of the heart | cardiac muscle
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| spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, no striations | smooth muscle
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| propels substances or objects | smooth muscle
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| walls of hollow organs | smooth muscle
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