Urinary System CCC PN 105
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| most important homeostatic organ in body | kidneys
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| where are kidneys | under back muscles just behind pareital peritoneum, just above waist
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| which kidney is a little lower | right kidney
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| which kidney is a little higher | left kidney
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| what protects the kidneys | ribs, fat, and back muscles
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| outer layer of kidneys | cortex
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| inner portion of kidneys | medulla
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| triangular division of medulla in kidney | pyramids
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| narrow, innermost end of pyramid in kidney | papilla
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| expansion of upper end of ureter inside kidney | pelvis
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| division of renal pelvis | calyces
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| microscopic units of kidneys | nephrons
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| parts of nephron renal corpuscle | bowmans capsule, glomerulus
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| parts of nephron renal tubule | proximal and distal convuluted tubules, loop of henle, collecting tubule
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| more than ____ total blood pumped by heart each minute enters the kidneys | 20%
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| functions of kidneys | excrete toxins and nitrogenous (urea, ammonia) wastes, regulate chemical levels in blood, maintain water balance
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| kidneys help regulate blood pressure by | secretion of renin
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| hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure | renin
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| absence of urine | anuria
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| small amounts of urine | oliguria
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| large amounts of urine | polyuria
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| normal urine output each day | 1500-1600 mL
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| normal urine output each hour | 60 mL
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| processes to form urine | filtration, reabsorption, secretion
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| where does urine formation occur | in nephron
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| process continually goes on in renal corpuscle | filtration
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| movement of substances out of renal tubules | reabsorption
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| movement of substances into urine | secretion
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| anti-diuretic hormone, controls urinary volume by decreasing it | ADH
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| narrow, long tubes with expanded upper end inside kidney and lined with mucous membrane | ureters
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| ureters are located in | renal pelvis
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| function of ureter | drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
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| elastic, greatly expandable muscular organ lined with mucous membrane | urinary bladder
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| function of urinary bladder | storage of urine, voiding of urine
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| why is trigone portion of urinary bladder different | has no rugae
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| narrow tube from urinary bladder to exterior, lined with mucous membrane | urethra
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| opening of urethra to exterior | urinary meatus
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| function of urethra | passage of urine from bladder to exterior, also moves semen in men
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| passage of urine from body | micturition
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| types of regulatory sphincters | internal and external urethral
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| involuntary regulatory sphincter | internal urethral sphincter
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| voluntary regulatory sphincter | external urethral sphincter
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| function of regulatory sphincters | seals off bladder for urine accumulation
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| amount of urine an average adult can hold | 600 mL
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| permits urine storage with minimal increase in pressure | bladder wall
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| urine produced but not voided | urinary retention
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| no urine produced but bladder is normal | urinary suppression
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| urine is voided involuntarily, may be caused by injury, stroke; urine retention can also cause | incontinence
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| bladder infection, buildup of bacteria can spread and cause kidney infection | cystitis
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| interstitial cystitis, need for frequent urination; amounts voided are small and extreme urgency and pain are common | overactive bladder
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