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Urinary Sys Exam CCC
Urinary System CCC PN 105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most important homeostatic organ in body | kidneys |
| where are kidneys | under back muscles just behind pareital peritoneum, just above waist |
| which kidney is a little lower | right kidney |
| which kidney is a little higher | left kidney |
| what protects the kidneys | ribs, fat, and back muscles |
| outer layer of kidneys | cortex |
| inner portion of kidneys | medulla |
| triangular division of medulla in kidney | pyramids |
| narrow, innermost end of pyramid in kidney | papilla |
| expansion of upper end of ureter inside kidney | pelvis |
| division of renal pelvis | calyces |
| microscopic units of kidneys | nephrons |
| parts of nephron renal corpuscle | bowmans capsule, glomerulus |
| parts of nephron renal tubule | proximal and distal convuluted tubules, loop of henle, collecting tubule |
| more than ____ total blood pumped by heart each minute enters the kidneys | 20% |
| functions of kidneys | excrete toxins and nitrogenous (urea, ammonia) wastes, regulate chemical levels in blood, maintain water balance |
| kidneys help regulate blood pressure by | secretion of renin |
| hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure | renin |
| absence of urine | anuria |
| small amounts of urine | oliguria |
| large amounts of urine | polyuria |
| normal urine output each day | 1500-1600 mL |
| normal urine output each hour | 60 mL |
| processes to form urine | filtration, reabsorption, secretion |
| where does urine formation occur | in nephron |
| process continually goes on in renal corpuscle | filtration |
| movement of substances out of renal tubules | reabsorption |
| movement of substances into urine | secretion |
| anti-diuretic hormone, controls urinary volume by decreasing it | ADH |
| narrow, long tubes with expanded upper end inside kidney and lined with mucous membrane | ureters |
| ureters are located in | renal pelvis |
| function of ureter | drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder |
| elastic, greatly expandable muscular organ lined with mucous membrane | urinary bladder |
| function of urinary bladder | storage of urine, voiding of urine |
| why is trigone portion of urinary bladder different | has no rugae |
| narrow tube from urinary bladder to exterior, lined with mucous membrane | urethra |
| opening of urethra to exterior | urinary meatus |
| function of urethra | passage of urine from bladder to exterior, also moves semen in men |
| passage of urine from body | micturition |
| types of regulatory sphincters | internal and external urethral |
| involuntary regulatory sphincter | internal urethral sphincter |
| voluntary regulatory sphincter | external urethral sphincter |
| function of regulatory sphincters | seals off bladder for urine accumulation |
| amount of urine an average adult can hold | 600 mL |
| permits urine storage with minimal increase in pressure | bladder wall |
| urine produced but not voided | urinary retention |
| no urine produced but bladder is normal | urinary suppression |
| urine is voided involuntarily, may be caused by injury, stroke; urine retention can also cause | incontinence |
| bladder infection, buildup of bacteria can spread and cause kidney infection | cystitis |
| interstitial cystitis, need for frequent urination; amounts voided are small and extreme urgency and pain are common | overactive bladder |
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