Digestive System Exam CCC PN 105
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| injestion | taking into the mouth
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| digestion | breaking down process
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| mechanical process | action that involves organ itself, like chewing
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| chemical process | breaks down large food molecules into compounds that have smaller molecules, like acid breaking down food in stomach
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| 3 parts of digestive system | ailementary canal, GI tract, GI tube
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| where digestive system starts | mouth
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| where digestive system ends | anus
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| 29 ft | average length of digestive system
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| 20 ft | average length of small intestine
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| how food is processed | digestion, absorption, metabolized
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| 4 quadrants | right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower
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| used to loacal pain or symptoms related to digestive system organs | 4 quadrants
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| lumen | space inside digestive tract
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| mucosa | most inner layer of digestive tract
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| submucosa | inner layer of connective tissue, just outside of mucosa
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| muscularis | two layers of smooth muscle that perform peristalsis
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| serosa | attaches digestive tract to wall of abdominal cavity
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| peristalsis | wave-like movements that mix food with digestive juices
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| oral cavity | mouth
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| mouth | where food enters digestive tract
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| roof of mouth | hard palate, soft palate
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| hard palate is made of | bone
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| soft palate is made of | muscle and pharynx
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| uvula | piece of soft palate hanging in throat
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| this prevents any food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities above the mouth | uvula
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| floor of mouth | tongue
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| where are tastebuds | in papillae on tongue
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| lingual frenulum | skin anchoring tongue in mouth
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| 3 parts of tooth | crown, neck, root
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| crown | exposed portion of tooth
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| neck | section between exposed and inset portion of tooth
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| root | inset portion of tooth, in gum
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| gingiva | gums
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| enamel | hardest tissue in body
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| what is only found on the crown portion of the tooth | enamel
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| location of dentin and cementin | outer shell of tooth
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| greatest portion of outer shell of tooth is composed of | dentin
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| 4 types of teeth | incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, tricuspids
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| baby teeth | desiduous teeth
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| number of baby deeth | set of 20
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| number of adult teeth | set of 32
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| produce saliva | salivary glands
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| amouht of saliva excreted daily | 1 L
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| 3 pairs of salivary glands | parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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| largest salivary glands | parotid
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| two types of salivary glands | serous, mucous
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| type of gland secreting thin, watery solution made of enzymes | serous salivary gland
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| type of gland secreting thick solution to help food move through digestive tract | mucous salivary gland
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| two types of serous salivary glands | parotid, submandibular
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| two types of mucous salivary glands | sublingual, submandibular
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| this salivary gland is both serous and mucous | submandibular
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| used in both respiratory and digestive systems | pharynx
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| 3 parts of pharynx | naso, oro, larengo
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| upper part of pharynx behind nose | nasopharynx
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| middle part of pharynx behind mouth | oropharynx
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| lower part of pharynx behind larynx | larengopharynx
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| main digestive organ | espohagus
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| function of esophagus | passage way for food, pushes food towards stomach, connects pharynx to stomach
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| where is stomach | upper left quadrant
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| stomach | size of sausage when empty, expands when full, can push on diaphragm
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| entryway of food to stomach | cardiac sphincter
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| cardiac sphincter is also called | lower exophogeal sphincter
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| function of cardia sphincter | keeps food from re-entering esophagus
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| closes opening between end of stomach and start of small intestine | pyloric sphincter
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| end of stomach | pyloris
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| stomach wall is made of | smooth muscle and mucous membranes that secrete gastric juices and acid
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| folds in empty stomach | rugae
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| diameter of small intestine | 2 cm
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| division of small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| first part of small intestine, where most of the digestion occurs | duodenum
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| small instestine is made of | smooth muscle and mucous membrane for peristalsis
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| function of intestinal glands | secrete inestinal juice for digestion and movement
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| finger shaped projections from mucosa, absorb cargohydrates and proteins | villi
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| largest gland in digestive system | liver
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| main location of liver | right upper quadrant
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| function of liver | secretes bile (EXOCRINE GLAND)
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| function of bile | breaks down fats and emilinates cholesterol from body
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| drains bile from liver | hepatic duct
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| how bile enters and leaves gallbladder | cystic duct
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| joins hepatic and cystic ducts and drains bile into duodenum | common bile duct
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| concentrates and stores bile produced by the liver, located just under surface of liver | gallbladder
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| exocrine gland and endocrine gland | pancreas
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| type of pancreat gland that secretes pancreatic juices into pancreatic ducts | exocrine pancreatic gland
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| type of pancreatic gland that secretes hormones into the blood | endocrine pancreatic gland
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| where is the pancreas | behind the stomach
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| pancreatic juice | most important digestive juice
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| where does main pancreatic duct empty | duodenum
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| cells not connected with pancreatic ducts, secrete hormones and insulin | pancreatic islet of langerhans
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| parts of large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum
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| parts of colon | ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
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| external opening of the digestive tract | rectum
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| beginning of large intestine | ileocecal valve
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| large intestine is made of | smooth muscle and mucous membrane
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| organ of elimination | large intestine
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| this intestine moves slower than the other | large
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| this happens when large intestine digests too fast | diarrhea
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| this happens when large intestine digests too slowly | constipation
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| average length of time for large intestine digestion process | 3-5 days
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| only this intestine has villi | small
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| these stay contracted to keep anus closed | inner and outer anal sphincter
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| involuntary anal muscle | inner anal sphincter
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| voluntary anal muscle | outer anal sphincter
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| worm like, blind tube just off cecum, plays no role in digestion but may aid in immune defense | veriform appendix
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| serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity and covers organs in it | peritoneum
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| this lines abdominal cavity | pareital peritoneum
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| this covers each abdominal organ | visceral peritoneum
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| extensions of peritoneum | mesentery and greater omentum
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| largest extension of peritoneum, visceral extension, also called a lace apron, hangs from lower stomach and transverse colon over the intestines | greater omentum
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| pareital extension of peritoneum that attaches small intestine to posterior abdominal wall | mesentery
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| outside of peritoneum | retroperitoneum
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| transforms food into substances that can be absorbed and used by cells | digestion
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| digestive enzymes are found in | saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice
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| process by which digested food moves from intestine into blood or lymph | absorption
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