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Digestive
Digestive System Exam CCC PN 105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| injestion | taking into the mouth |
| digestion | breaking down process |
| mechanical process | action that involves organ itself, like chewing |
| chemical process | breaks down large food molecules into compounds that have smaller molecules, like acid breaking down food in stomach |
| 3 parts of digestive system | ailementary canal, GI tract, GI tube |
| where digestive system starts | mouth |
| where digestive system ends | anus |
| 29 ft | average length of digestive system |
| 20 ft | average length of small intestine |
| how food is processed | digestion, absorption, metabolized |
| 4 quadrants | right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower |
| used to loacal pain or symptoms related to digestive system organs | 4 quadrants |
| lumen | space inside digestive tract |
| mucosa | most inner layer of digestive tract |
| submucosa | inner layer of connective tissue, just outside of mucosa |
| muscularis | two layers of smooth muscle that perform peristalsis |
| serosa | attaches digestive tract to wall of abdominal cavity |
| peristalsis | wave-like movements that mix food with digestive juices |
| oral cavity | mouth |
| mouth | where food enters digestive tract |
| roof of mouth | hard palate, soft palate |
| hard palate is made of | bone |
| soft palate is made of | muscle and pharynx |
| uvula | piece of soft palate hanging in throat |
| this prevents any food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities above the mouth | uvula |
| floor of mouth | tongue |
| where are tastebuds | in papillae on tongue |
| lingual frenulum | skin anchoring tongue in mouth |
| 3 parts of tooth | crown, neck, root |
| crown | exposed portion of tooth |
| neck | section between exposed and inset portion of tooth |
| root | inset portion of tooth, in gum |
| gingiva | gums |
| enamel | hardest tissue in body |
| what is only found on the crown portion of the tooth | enamel |
| location of dentin and cementin | outer shell of tooth |
| greatest portion of outer shell of tooth is composed of | dentin |
| 4 types of teeth | incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, tricuspids |
| baby teeth | desiduous teeth |
| number of baby deeth | set of 20 |
| number of adult teeth | set of 32 |
| produce saliva | salivary glands |
| amouht of saliva excreted daily | 1 L |
| 3 pairs of salivary glands | parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| largest salivary glands | parotid |
| two types of salivary glands | serous, mucous |
| type of gland secreting thin, watery solution made of enzymes | serous salivary gland |
| type of gland secreting thick solution to help food move through digestive tract | mucous salivary gland |
| two types of serous salivary glands | parotid, submandibular |
| two types of mucous salivary glands | sublingual, submandibular |
| this salivary gland is both serous and mucous | submandibular |
| used in both respiratory and digestive systems | pharynx |
| 3 parts of pharynx | naso, oro, larengo |
| upper part of pharynx behind nose | nasopharynx |
| middle part of pharynx behind mouth | oropharynx |
| lower part of pharynx behind larynx | larengopharynx |
| main digestive organ | espohagus |
| function of esophagus | passage way for food, pushes food towards stomach, connects pharynx to stomach |
| where is stomach | upper left quadrant |
| stomach | size of sausage when empty, expands when full, can push on diaphragm |
| entryway of food to stomach | cardiac sphincter |
| cardiac sphincter is also called | lower exophogeal sphincter |
| function of cardia sphincter | keeps food from re-entering esophagus |
| closes opening between end of stomach and start of small intestine | pyloric sphincter |
| end of stomach | pyloris |
| stomach wall is made of | smooth muscle and mucous membranes that secrete gastric juices and acid |
| folds in empty stomach | rugae |
| diameter of small intestine | 2 cm |
| division of small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| first part of small intestine, where most of the digestion occurs | duodenum |
| small instestine is made of | smooth muscle and mucous membrane for peristalsis |
| function of intestinal glands | secrete inestinal juice for digestion and movement |
| finger shaped projections from mucosa, absorb cargohydrates and proteins | villi |
| largest gland in digestive system | liver |
| main location of liver | right upper quadrant |
| function of liver | secretes bile (EXOCRINE GLAND) |
| function of bile | breaks down fats and emilinates cholesterol from body |
| drains bile from liver | hepatic duct |
| how bile enters and leaves gallbladder | cystic duct |
| joins hepatic and cystic ducts and drains bile into duodenum | common bile duct |
| concentrates and stores bile produced by the liver, located just under surface of liver | gallbladder |
| exocrine gland and endocrine gland | pancreas |
| type of pancreat gland that secretes pancreatic juices into pancreatic ducts | exocrine pancreatic gland |
| type of pancreatic gland that secretes hormones into the blood | endocrine pancreatic gland |
| where is the pancreas | behind the stomach |
| pancreatic juice | most important digestive juice |
| where does main pancreatic duct empty | duodenum |
| cells not connected with pancreatic ducts, secrete hormones and insulin | pancreatic islet of langerhans |
| parts of large intestine | cecum, colon, rectum |
| parts of colon | ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid |
| external opening of the digestive tract | rectum |
| beginning of large intestine | ileocecal valve |
| large intestine is made of | smooth muscle and mucous membrane |
| organ of elimination | large intestine |
| this intestine moves slower than the other | large |
| this happens when large intestine digests too fast | diarrhea |
| this happens when large intestine digests too slowly | constipation |
| average length of time for large intestine digestion process | 3-5 days |
| only this intestine has villi | small |
| these stay contracted to keep anus closed | inner and outer anal sphincter |
| involuntary anal muscle | inner anal sphincter |
| voluntary anal muscle | outer anal sphincter |
| worm like, blind tube just off cecum, plays no role in digestion but may aid in immune defense | veriform appendix |
| serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity and covers organs in it | peritoneum |
| this lines abdominal cavity | pareital peritoneum |
| this covers each abdominal organ | visceral peritoneum |
| extensions of peritoneum | mesentery and greater omentum |
| largest extension of peritoneum, visceral extension, also called a lace apron, hangs from lower stomach and transverse colon over the intestines | greater omentum |
| pareital extension of peritoneum that attaches small intestine to posterior abdominal wall | mesentery |
| outside of peritoneum | retroperitoneum |
| transforms food into substances that can be absorbed and used by cells | digestion |
| digestive enzymes are found in | saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice |
| process by which digested food moves from intestine into blood or lymph | absorption |
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