MT Skeletal & Muscul
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| Axial skeleton is composed of | skull, vertebrae, ribcage,
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| How many cervical vertebrae are there? | 7
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| How many thoracic vertebrae? | 12
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| How many lumbar vertebrae? | 5
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| How many sacral vertebrae? | 1 but its composed of 5 bones fused together
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| Calcaneus | Heel bone
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| Diaphysis | long shaft of the bone
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| epiphysis | rounded, irregular end of the long bone
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| periosteum | tissue covering of the bone; fiberous connective tissue
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| epiphyseal | allows the bone to grow length wise, goes away when a person reaches their height
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| Tendon | attaches muscle to bone
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| Acetabulum | accepts the head of the femur
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| Osteoblast | bone building cell (builds up)
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| Osteoclast | breaks bone apart (breaks down)
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| Osteocyte | bone cell
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| Simple fracture = | no break in skin, little or no dmg to soft tissue. (all fractures are simple except compound fractures)
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| Comminuted fracture | splintered bone
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| Greenstick fracture | bone is bent, but only broken on one side; most often sen in children
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| Compound (Open) fractureW | Bone protruding from skin
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| Spiral fracture | fracture forms a spiral which encircles the bone, twisted
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| Osteoporosis = | a decline in bone mass to a degree that compromises normal function
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| Bone markings = | groves where muscle & tendon blood vessels & nerves enter and exit
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| Treatment of a sprain is | (PRICE) Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation
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| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| Lordosis | sway back
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| Kyphosis | huntch back
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| O-R-I-F means | open reduction internal fixation
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| Fracture = | crack or break in bone
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| Transverse fracture = | fracture line is at right angle with the long axis of the bone
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| Define ligament | attaches bone to bone
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| Acetabulum | accepts the head of the femur
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| Define ilium | upper rounded area on the hip bone
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| cartilage | more flexable than bone
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| Osteoblast | bone building cell
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| What are the functions of the bones? | Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
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| Define the appendicular skeleton | bones of the arms, legs, pelvic gridle
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| The skeletal systems include: | joints, cartilages, ligaments, and bone
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| Define orthopedics | branch of medicine concerned w/ skeletal system
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| Define compact bone | A solid bone
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| Define spongy bone | looks like sponge
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| Give some examples of long bones | arms, legs, fingers, toes, femur
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| Give some examples of short bones | wrists and ankles
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| Give some examples of flat bones | ribs, sternum, skull, shoulder blades
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| Give some examples of Irregular bones | facial vertebrae
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| Factors that affect bone growth and maintenance are: | Heredity, Nutrition (Vitamins A,C, D,calcium), Hormones (growth hormones), Exercise or 'stress'
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| Rickets | bones become softened due to lack of vitamin D. Affects children due to lack of milk and not playing outside.
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| Exercise for bones is | barring weight, which bones are specialized to do
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| Stress for bones is | w/o normal stress bones will loose calcium faster than it's replaced.
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| Orhopedics | branch of medicine concerned with the skeletal system
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| Where is the humerus | upper arm
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| Where is the olecranon | elbow
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| Where is the radius | arm bone on the thumb side
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| Where is the Ulna | arm bone on little finger side
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| Where are the carpel bones | wrist
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| Where are the Metacarpals | bones within the palm area of the hand
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| Where are the Phalanges | fingers and toes
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| Flexion | decrease angle of the joint
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| Extension | increased angle of the joint
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| Abduction | movement away from the midline
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| Adduction | movement toward the midline
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| Pronation | rotation of the forearm so palm is faced down
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| Supination | rotation of the forearm so palm is face up
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| Dorsiflexion | standing on your heels
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| Plantar flexion | standing on your toes
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| Muscle that forms the calf of the leg | gastrocnemius
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| site imjection for children under 3 years | vastus lateralis
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| How many phalanges are there in each hand | 14
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| How many phalanges are in each finger | 3
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| How many phalanges are in the thumb | 2
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| define myopathy | any disorder of the muscle
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| Where is the femur located | thigh bone; longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body
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| Where is the tibia | larger bone in the lower leg
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| Where is the fibula | smallest bone in the lower leg
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| Where is the tarsus | ankle
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| Where is the talus | ankle
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| Where are the metatarsals | sole of the foot
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| How many phalanges are in each foot | 14
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| How many phalanges are in each toe | 3
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| How many phalanges are in the big toe | 2
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| Another name for a joint is | articulation
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| Define joint | where the bones join together
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| Where is the glenoid fossa, and what is its function | shoulder area; accepts the head of the humerus
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| Define Synarthrosis joint | suture (inmoveable joint) ex. skull
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| Define Amphiarthrosis joint another name is Symphysis | slightly moveable ex. vertebra
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| Define Diarthrosis (synovial joint) | freely moveable ex knee
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| A synovial joint contains what? | synovial fluid
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| Synovial fluid in in a sac known as a | bursa
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| Describe a hinge joint | elbow
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| Describe a pivot joint | radius or ulna
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| Describe a ball-and-socket joint | femur, hipbone, hemerus, shoulder
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| Define arthritis | inflammation of a joint
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| Another name for osteoarthritis is | degenerative joint disease (DJD)
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| The most common type of arthritis is | osteoarthritis (OA)
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| The most crippling type of arthritis is | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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| Define gout | build up of lactic acid and crystals in a joint most likely found in the big toe
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| How many bones are in the adult body | 206
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| Blood cell formation = | hematopoiesis
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| The parathyroid glands read calcium levels in the blood. If there's an increase in calcium, what makes bone cells? | osteoblast
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| If there's a decrease in calcium, what "eats" and puts calcium back into the blood? | oeteoclast
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| Oblique fracture = | the fracture is at an angle across the bone
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| Impacted fracture = | bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment and remain in that position
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| Depressed fracture = | skull bone is driven inward
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| Spiral fracture = | fracture forms a spiral which encircles the bone
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| Pathological fracture = | due to a disease process, not trauma
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| Define Axial skeleton | forms a longitudinal axis of the back of the head
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| Frontal bone = | forms forehead
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| Parietal bones = | paired on either side of the cranium
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| Temporal bones = | on each side of the skull above the ears
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| Occipital bone = | base of the skull
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| Maxilla bone = | upper jaw
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| Mandible bone = | lower jaw (only bone in the face that moves)
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| Zygomatic bones = | cheek bones
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| Lacrimal bones = | bone that opens for tears (holes or grooves for tears)
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| Vomer bone = | tip of the nose
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| The hyoid is | the only bone that does not directly articulate with any other bone. (it looks like a horse shoe)
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| What is the paranasal sinus function? | lighten the skull and provides resonance for the voice
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| Define ossicles | malleus, incus, stapes
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| Where are the ossicles located? | middle of the ear
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| Define fontanels (fontanelles) | soft spot on infants head
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| The first cervical vertebra is also known as what? What is it's purpose? | C1 atlas; allows the head to shake yes
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| The atlas allows what | you to shake your head yes
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| The 2nd cervical vertebra is also know as what? | C2 axis - allows you to shake your head no
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| The pivot point (joint) is the | ondontoid process
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| What is the purpose of the intervertbral discs? | allows flexibility and cushions
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| The medical name for the breast bone is the? | sternum
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| There are how many pair of ribs | 12
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| How many true ribs are there? | 7
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| How many floating ribs are there | 2
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| How many false ribs are there | 3
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| The medical name for the collar bone is the | clavicle
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| The medical name for the shoulder blade is the | scapula
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| Define suture (as it relates to a bone) | immovable
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| What are the 3 parts of the sternum (in order) | manbrium, body, xiphoid process
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| What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs | allows flexibility and cushions
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| Where is the femur located | thigh
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| Another name for the first cervical vertebra is is | the atlas
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| What is the purpose of the atlas (first cervical vertebra) | nod your head yes
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| There are __________ cervical vertebrae | 7
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| There are ______________ thoracic vertebrae | 12
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| There are ______________ lumbar vertebrae | 5
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| ______________is the only bone that does not directly articulate with any other bone | hyoid
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| In the adult, how many bones make up the sacrum | 1
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| If there is an increase in calcium in the body, _____________ make bone cells | osteoblast
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| The site of muscle attachment on the femur is the | trochanter
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| List 2 bones in the lower arm | radius, ulna
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| The pivot joint for the atlas and the axis is known as the | ondontoid process
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| Where are the metacarpals located | palms of the hand
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| Another name for a synarthrotic joint is | suture
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| What 2 nuturients become part of the bone matrix | calcium and phosphorus
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| Which bones of the cranium are "paired" | temporal bones and parietal bones
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| where are the metatarsals located | sole of the foot
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| What is the purpose of the axis (second vertebra) | shake your head no
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| Red bone marrow is found where and what does it produce | found in spongy bones and produces all types of blood cells
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| Yellow bone marrow is found where and consist of | found in long bones and consists of fat cells and connective tissue
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| Calcitonin does what | causes blood calcium to be deposited in the bones as calcium salts
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| What cause blood calcium to be deposited in the bones as calcium salts | Calcitonin
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| what is another name for Amphiarthrosis joint | Symphysis
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| define symphysis joint | slightly moveable joint (vertebrae)
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| whats another name for Diarthrosis joint | synovial joint
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| hallux= | big toe
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| What nutrients are part of the bone matrix | calcium & phosphorus
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| The site of muscle attachment on the femur is the | trochanter
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| The pivot joint for the atlas and the axis is known as the | odontoid process
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