The Gynecologic Examination & Prenatal Care- Hannah McCall
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| abortion | termination of the pregnancy before the fetus reached the age of viability (20 weeks)
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| adnexal | adjacent
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| amenorrhea | the absence of cessationof the menstrual period; normally before puberty, during pregnancy and after menopause
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| atypical | deviation from the normal
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| Braxton HIcks contraction | intermittent and irregular painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy; more frequently towards the end; mistaken for tru labor pains
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| cervix | the lower narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina
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| colposcopy | examination of the cervix using a colposcope (a lighted instrument with a magnifying lens)
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| cytology | the science that deals with the study of cells; includes origin, structure, function, and pathology
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| dilation | the stretching of the external os from an opening of a few millimeters wide to an opening large enough to allow the passage of an infant (approximately 10 cm)
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| dysmenorrhea | pain associated with the menstrual period
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| dyspareunia | pain in the vagina or pelvis experienced by a woman during sexual intercourse
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| dysplasia | the growth of abnormal cells; a precancerous condition (may or may not develop into cancer)
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| ectocervix | part of the cervix that projects into the vagina; lined with stratified squamous eithelium
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| EDD | expected date of delivery; due date
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| effacement | the thinning & shortening of the cervical canal from 1-2 cm to a structure with paper-thin edges in which there is no canal at all; occurs late in pregnancy, during labor, or both
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| embryo | the child in utero from the time of conception to the beginning of the first trimester
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| endocervix | the mucous membrane lining the cervical canal
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| engagement | the entrance of the fetal head or the presenting part into the pelvic inlet
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| expected date of delivery | abbreviated as EDD; projected birth date of the infant
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| external os | the opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina
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| fetal heart rate | the number of times per minute the fetal heart beats
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| fetal heart tones | the sounds of the heartbeat of the fetus heard through the mother's abdominal wall
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| fetus | the child in utero from the third month after conception to birth
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| fundus | the dome shaped upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes
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| gestation | the period of intrauterine development from conception to birth; the period of pregnancy
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| gestational age | the age of the fetus between conception and birth
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| gravidity | the total number of pregnancies a woman has had regardless of duration, including a current pregnancy
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| gynecology | the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of reproductive organs of women
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| infant | a child from birth to 12 months of age
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| internal os | the internal opening of the cervical canal into the uterus
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| lochia | a discharge from the uterus after delivery that consists of blood, tissue, white blood cells and some bacteria
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| menopause | the permanent cessation of menstruation, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55
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| menorrhagia | excessive bleeding duringa menstrual period, in the number of days or the amount of blood, or both; also call dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
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| metrorrhagia | bleeding between menstrual periods
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| multigravida | a woman who has been pregnant more than once
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| multipara | a woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to the age of fetal viability regardless of whether they ended in live infants or stillbirths
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| nullipara | a woman who has not carried a pregnancy to the point of fetal viability (20 weeks of gestation)
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| obstetrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the care of the woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartal period
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| parity | the condition of having borne offspring reglardless of the outcome
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| perimenopause | before the onset of menopause; the phase during which the woman with regular periods changes to irregular cycles & increased periods of amenorrhea
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| perineum | the external region between the vagiinal orifice & the anus in a female & between the scrotum & the anus in a male
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| position | the relation of the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis
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| postpartum | occurring after childbirth
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| preeclampsia | a major complication of pregnancy; the cause of which is unknown, characterized by increasing hypertension, albuminuria, and edema; may develop into eclampsia; occurs between the 20th week of pregnancy & the end of the first week postpartum.
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| prenatal | before birth
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| presentation | indication of the part of the fetus that is closes to the cervix & is delivered first; cephalic means the fetal head is presenting against the cervix; breech means the buttocks or feet are presented instead of the head
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| preterm birth | delivery occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation regardless of wether the child was born alive or stillborn
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| primigravida | a woman who is pregnant for the first time
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| primipara | a woman who has carried a pregnancy to fetal viability (20 weeks of gestation) for the first time, regardless of whether the infant was stillborn or alive at birth
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| puerperium | the period of time, usually 4 to 6 weeks after deliver, in which the uterus and the body systems are returning to normal
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| quickening | the first movements of the fetus in utero as felt by the mother, which usually occurs between 16 & 20 weeks of gestation; then consistently felt thereafter
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| risk factor | anything that increases an individual's chance of developing a disease
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| term birth | delivery occurring after 37 weeks of gestation regardless of whether the infant was born alive or stillborn
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| toxemia | a condition that can occure in pregnant comen that includes preeclampsia and eclampsia
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| trimester | three months, or one third, of the gestational period of pregnancy
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| vulva | the region of the external female genital organs
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