BIO202 - Ch 23 - Digestive System - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
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| 2 main groups of digestive system organs. | Alimentary canal & accessory digestive organs.
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| Alimentary canal | GI tract (gut) - continuous, muscular digestive tube that digests & absorbs food.
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| Organs of alimentary canal | Mouth, pharyx, esophagus, stomach, sm. intestine, & lg. intestine.
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| Organs of accessory digestive organs. | Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver & pancreas
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| Name the 6 essential activities of food processing by digestive system. | (1) indegestion, (2) propulsion, (3) mechanical digestion, (4) chemical digestion, (5) absorption, (6) defecation
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| Segmentation | Rhythmic local constriction of intestines - mixes food w/digestive juices & increases efficiency of absorption.
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| When is chemical digestion essentially complete? | In the small intestine.
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| Major absorptive site in digestive system. | Small intestine - absorbed through mucosal cells by active/passive transport into blood of lymph.
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| Digestive activity is provoked by __. | a range of mechanical & chemical stimuli
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| Sensors (__) are located in walls of tract organs. | mechanoreceptors & chemoreceptors
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| Short reflexes are mediates entirely by __. | local (enteric) plexuses (gut-brain) in response to GI tract stimuli.
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| Long reflexes are initiated by stimuli __. | involving CNS centers & extrinsic autonomic nerves
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| Smooth muscle activity inhibited by __. | VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) or nitric oxide.
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| All ventral body cavities contain __. | serous membranes
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| peritoneum | Serous membrane lining interior of abdominal cavity & covers abdominal organs.
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| mesentery | Peritoneum that extends to digestive organs from body wall & carries blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves & stores fat.
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| retroperitoneal organs | Pancreas & parts of lg. intestine that adhere to dorsal abdominal wall w/o mesentery.
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| intraperitoneal/peritoneal organs | stomach & digestive organs that keep mesentery & remain in peritoneal cavity.
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| peritonitis | Inflammation of peritoneum - leaks stomach juices or burst appendix & feces (bacteria).
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| What arteries serve digestive organs & hepatic portal circulation? | Splanchnic circulation - hepatic, spleen, & L. gastric branches & mesenteric arteries.
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| 4 tunic layers of alimentary canal | Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, & serosa.
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| Mucosa (mucous membrane) | Innermost layer, (1) secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, & hormones, (2) absorbs & protects against infectious disease.
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| Epithelium of mucosa | Simple columnar w/goblet cells - diffuse endocrine
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| Which layer is responsible for segmentation & peristalsis? | Muscularis externa
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| Serosa | Outermost layer of intraperitoneal organs - visceral peritoneum - areolar CT w/mesothelium
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| __ organs have both serosa & adventitia. | Retroperitoneal
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| In-house nerve supply of alimentary canal. | Enteric neurons - semi-autonomous
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| Myenteric nerve plexus supplies? | Gi tract wall & controls its motility.
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| __ nervous system has more neurons than entire spinal cord. | enteric
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| Posterior of oral cavity is the __. | oropharynx
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| Oral mucosa responds to injury by producing __. | defensins - antimicrobial peptides
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| What rises reflexively to close off nasopharynx when we swallow? | soft palate
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| Ankyloglossia | "Tongue-tied" - short lingual frenulum
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| mumps | Inflammation of parotid glands (myxovirus).
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| 2 types of secretory cells in salivary glands. | Mucous & serous
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| Serous cells produce? | Watery secretion containing enzymes, ions & mucin.
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| Parotid glands contain only __. | serous cells
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| Saliva is __. | hypo-osmotic - 97-99.5% water - pH 6.75 - 7, mucin, lysozyme, & IgA
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| Lingual lipase | Fat-digesting enzyme
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