| Question | Answer |
| 3 different compartments of the neck and their associated Cervical Fascia | 1.Vertberal: Prevertebral fa.(surrounds vertebral column and associated muscles).
2.Visceral: Pretracheal fa.(surrounds thyroid, parathyroid, trachea, esophagus).
3.Vascular: Alar fa.(Common/Internal carotid A, Int Jugular V, Vagus N)**Carotid Sheath |
| Investing fascia | most superficial, associated closely with platysma m. |
| Retropharyngeal space | Located between the posterior Pretracheal fascia and the anterior Prevertebral fascia. Buccopharyngeal fascia is found here. Allows movement of visceral comp. on top of vertebral comp. **Allows spread of infection to superior mediastinum. |
| Location of structures in Carotid Sheath | Medial: Common Carotid A. (int carotid A superiorly)
Lateral: Internal jugular V.
Posterior: Vagus N. |
| Ansa Cervicalis is embedded in what fascia? | Anterolateral Carotid Sheath/Alar Fascia |
| Carotid Sinus | Dilation of proximal part of internal carotid A. Innervated by CN IX and CN X. **Important Barroreceptor for BP regulation. |
| Carotid Body | Ovoid mass locatde deep to bifrication of Common Carotid A. Innervated by CN IX and X. **Important Chemoreceptor for BL pH (Increase or decrease respiration to avoid acidosis or alkanosis). |
| Infrahyoid muscles | inferior to hyoid, involved in swallowing via depression of the hyoid bone. |
| Suprahyoid muscles | Superior to hyoid, involved in swallowing and speech via elevating the hyoid bone. |
| Muscles of the vertebral compartment(posterior to visceral compartment) | Surrounded by Prevertebral fascia.
1.Longus Capitis (O: occipital bone).
2.Longus Colli (O: C1 anterior tubercle).
3. Rectus Capitis Anerior (O: ant. to occipital condyle).
4.Rectus Capitis Lateralis (O: jugular process of occipital bone).
5.Scalenes |
| Scalene Interval | Between Ant. and Middle Scalene. Both the brachial plexus and subclavian A exit here.
**they are slightly more protected |
| Important structures Anterior to Anterior Scalene | 1.Phrenic N.
2.Suprascapular A.
3.Transverse Cervical A.
4.Subclavian V.
**Makes them prone to injury |
| Parts of the Subclavian A. | 1st: medial to Ant. scalene.
2nd: posterior to Ant.scalene. (Costocervical Trunk branches off)
3rd: lateral to Ant. Scalene |
| Branches from 1st part (medial) of Subclavian A. | 1.Vertebral A.
2.Thyrocervical Trunk.
3.Internal Thoracic A. |
| Branches from 3rd part (lateral) of Subclavian A. | 1.Transverse cervical A.
2.Suprascapular A. (if it doesn't come off thyrocervical trunk). |
| Does the internal Carotid Artery branch in the neck? | NO! C'mon man |
| Posterior Branches off the External Carotid A. (in order) | 1.Ascending Pharyngeal A.(More medial than posterior)
2.Occipital A.
3.Posterior Auricular A (last preterminal Branch off ECA). |
| Anterior Branches off External Carotid A. (in order) | 1.Superior Thyroid A (first branch off ECA).
2.Lingual A.(just superior to Sup. Thy. A).
3.Facial A. (either in common ith Lingual A or immediately superior). |
| Terminal Branches of External Carotid A | 1.Maxillary A (originates within the parotid gland, moves anteriorly deep to condylar neck of mandible to reach infratemporal fossa).
2.Superficial Temporal A (gives off a transverse facial A and then passes anteriorly to ext. auditory meatus). |
| Some Aggressive Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating | Branching pattern of ECA: SThyA, APA, LA, FA,OA,PAA, MA, STempA |
| Anterior Veins of neck (Anterior to Sternocleidomastoid) | 1.Ext Jugular V. (Angle of mandible to subclavian V)
2.Communticating V (connects Ext Jugular to Ant Jugular vein).
3.Anterior Jugular V (anterior midline of neck, moves laterally at clavicle deep to SCM to empty into Ext Jugular V). |
| Posterior fibers of cervical plexus | Sensory nerves: Lesser occipital (C2, ascends up occipital bone), Greater Auricular (C2-3, ascends up to ear), Transverse cervical (C2-3, transversely across neck), Supraclavicular (C3-4, descend and run superior to clavicle). |
| Erb's Point (Punctum Nervosum) | Location where the nerves are exiting the neck, Would case severe pain if hit here. |
| Anterior Rami of Cervical Plexus | Motor Nerves. The Phrenic N (C3-5), Ansa Cervicalis (C1-4). |
| Loops of Ansa Cervicalis | Superior C1-2: innervates Geniohyoid and Thyrohyoid muscles.**Also gets fibers from CNXII.
Inferior: C3-4 innervates infrahyoid muscles |
| Posterior cervical region | Contains Trapezius m., cutaneous branches of posterior rami, suboccipital triangle (Deep) |
| Sternocleidomastoid region | Contains SCM m., Ext Jugular V, Greater Auricular N, Transverse cervical N. |
| Posterior Triangle (Lateral Cervical region) | Boundaries: SCM, Trapezius, clavicle.
Can be divided into: Occipital triangle and subclavian triangle. |
| Contents of Occipital triangle | 1.Spinal accessory n.
2.Erb's point (cervical plexus).
3.Trunks of brachial plexus.
4.Transverse cervical A (off the 3rd/lateral part of subclavian). |
| Contents of Subclavian Triangle | 1. Ext jugular V.
2. Occipital A. (posterior branch of EJV).
3. Subclavian A and V (3rd/lateral part) |
| Anterior Triangle | Boundaries: Median line of neck, SCM, mandible.
Can be divided into: Submental, Submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles |
| Contents of Submental Triangle | submental lymph nodes, Anterior jugular v, Mylohyoid muscle. |
| Contents of Submandibular Triangle | 1.submandibular gland.
2.Mylohyoid M.
3.Hypoglossus M.
4.Middle Pharyngeal constrictor M.
5.Hypoglossal N.
6.N to mylohyoid.
7.Facial A and V.
8.Submental A. |
| Contenst of Carotid Triangle | Carotid sheath, Ansa Cervicalis, Deep cervical lymph nodes.
**Bifrication of common carotid as most of the branches of the External Carotid A. |
