| Question | Answer |
| KINETIC ENERGY | ENERGY OF MOTION (HEART PUMPING) |
| ELEMENT | BASIC SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP ALL MATTER |
| POTENTIAL ENERGY | STORED ENERGY (FAT) |
| ENERGY | THE ABILITY TO DO WORK |
| LIQUIDS | PLASMA, SALIVA |
| GASES | O2, CO2 |
| RADIANT ENERGY | ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES ( X-RAYS, UV LIGHTS) |
| ELECTRICAL ENERGY | ENERGY FROM MOVEMENT OF CHARGED ION PARTICLES (BRAIN) |
| SOLIDS | BONES, MUSCLE |
| MATTER | ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE |
| ATP | ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
FUNCTION: E CURRENCY OF CELL
NERVE IMPULSE, MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
| MECHANICAL ENERGY | ENERGY USED TO MOVE MATTER (MUSCLES) |
| CHEMICAL ENERGY | ENERGY STORED IN CHEMICAL BONDS (ATP) |
| AEROBIC RESPIRATION | OCCURS IN MITOCHONDRIA/ REQUIRES 02/ FORMS ATP |
| ENZYMES | FUNCTIONAL PROTIENS THAT SPEED UP RATE METABOLLIC REACTIONS |
| SATURATION LIMITS | INCREASE REACTION RATE AND AMOUNT OF ENZYMES |
| PHYSICAL FACTOR (GRAPH)
WHAT? HOW? | ENVIORNMENTAL
CHANGES SHAPE OF ENZYME (BREAKS H-BONDS) |
| COMPETITIVE INHIBITION | ANOTHER SUBSTANCE BLOCKS ACTIVE SITE AND PREVENTS ORIGINAL SUBSTRATE FROM BINDING (CARBON MONOXIDE) |
| ENZYME CONCENTRATION (GRAPH) | INCREASE ENZYMES AND INCREASE REACTION RATE
EASIER TO FIND SUBSTRATE |
| SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT CONCENTRATION | AS MORE PRODUCTS ARE MADE FEWER SUBSTRATES ARE AVAILABLE |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK (GRAPH) | END PRODUCT BINDING WITH E1 INHIBITING FUNCTION |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES
SPECIFICITY:
rEGULATION: | EACH ENZYME CAN CATALYZE ONLY ONE TYPE OF REACTION
FACATORS THAT TURN AN ENZYME ON AND OFF |
| HOW ENZYME WORKS | SUBSTRATE BINDS TO ACTIVE SITE ENZYME
AFTER REACTION= ENZYME RELEASES PRODUCT |
| ANABOLISM | BUILDUP OF LARGER MOLECULES FROM SMALLER MOLECULES
REQUIRES ENERGY
(DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS) |
| CATABOLISM | BREADOWN OF LARGER MOLECULES INTO SMALLER MOLECULES
RELEASES ENERGY
BROKEN APART OF HYDROLYSIS |
| GLYCOLISIS | BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE = RELEASES ENERGY |
| COFACTORS
WHAT
HOW | MOLECULES/ IONS MUST ATTATCH TO ACTIVE SITE
CHANGES SHAPE OF ACTIVE SITE SO REACTION CAN OCCUR |
| ALLOSTERIC EFFECTS | CONTROLS REACTION RATE
ANOTHER SUBSTANCE BINDS AT AN a.E
CHANGES ENZYME ACTIVE SITE SHAPE (INCREASE INHIBITATION INCREASE ACTIVATION) |
| HEAT OF VAPORIZATION | AMOUNT OF ENERGY NEEDED TO CHANGE 1G OF H20 FROM A LIQUID TO A GAS
(SWEAT, H2O ON SKIN, H2O EVAPORATES, REMOVES ENERGY, COOLS US DOWN) |
| CHEMICAL BONDS | IONIC BOND
COVALENT BOND |
| IONIC BOND | GAIN OR LOSE OF ELECTRONS
(NACL = NA + CL) |
| COHESION/ADHESION | C= H2O STICKING TO H2O
A= WATER STICKING TO SOMETHING ELSE |
| SURFACE TENSION | ALL 4 HYDROGEN BONDS NOT USED
SURFACE RESISTS SPREADING
OVERCOMING IT? BROKEN DOWN BY SOAPS
SURFACTANT?DECREASES SURFACE TENSION IN LUNGS SO DON'T COLLAPSE |
| CUSHIONING | PROVIDES BUYONANCY FOR BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
PROTECTION FOR BABY
(CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, AMBIOTIC SACK) |
| IONIC BONDs | SALT DISSOLVED IN H2O, BREAK APART, IONS |
| CHOLESTORAL | BIASIS OF ALL BODY STEROIDS; VITAL TO HOMEOSTASIS (MEAT, EGGS) |
| PHOSPHOLIPIDS (GRAPH) | TRANSPORT LIPIDS IN PLASMA (GLUCOSE) |
| TRIGLYCERIDES (GRAPH) | PROTECT/INSULATE BODY'S ORGANS (GLYCEROL) |
| POLYSACCHRIDES | LONG CHAINS OR LINKED SIMPLE SUGARS (STORES PRODUCTS) STARCH |
| DISACCHARIDES | 2 SIMPLE SUGARS FORMED BY SUNTHESIS
ENERGY FOR ATP
(CANE SUGAR, MILK) |
| MONOSACCHRIDES | SINGLE CHAIN/RING STRUCTURE
PUT GLUCOSE IN BLOOD
(BLOOD SUGAR) |
| NUCLEIC ACIDS | NUCLEOTIDES
STORE/TRANSMIT GENETIC INFO
DNA, RNA |
| CARBOHYDRATE | MONSACCHARIDE, DISACCHARIDES
CONVERTS GLUCOSE INTO ENERGY
STARCH |
| LIPIDS | FATTY ACIDS, GLYCEROL
STORE ENRGY!
TRANSFATS |
| PROTIENS | AMINO ACIDS
COLLAGEN/GENES |
| ORGANIC COMPOUND CHARACTERISTICS | CARBON AND H BACKBONE
DISSOLVE IN LIQUIDS
COVALENTLY BONDED |
| ANABOLIC STEROIDS | STIMULATES ANNOBOLISM
PROMOTES TISSUE GROWTH |
| FUNCTIONS OF PROTIENS | HORMONES, TRANSPORT, ANTIBODIES, ENZYMES, STRUCTURE |
| PANCREATIC JUICES
GASTRIC ACID
VAGINAL FLUID
BLOOD | 7.1-7.8
1.2-3.0
3.5-4.5
7.35-7.45 |
| ALAKLOSIS | PERSON IS NERVOUS EXCITED, CONVULSIONS
BLOOD PH IS GREATER THAN 7.45 |
| ACIDOSIS | BLOOD PH IS LESS THAN 7.35
DISORIENTED, NERVOUS SYSTEM SLOWS DOWN, COMA |
| PH | INFLUENCES ENZYMES ABILITY TO ACT AS A CATALYST
DETERMINES ELECTRICAL CHARGE OF MOLECULE
WATER =7 |
| NEUTRALIZATION REACTION | ACID + BASE = SALT + WATER
REGULATES OUR BODYS PH |
| BASE | SUBSTANCE THAT CAN ACCEPT A H-ION |
| ACID | SUBSTANCE THAT CAN DONATE A HYDROGEN ION
REGULATES CO2 IN BLOOD
CONTROLS ACIDITY
0-7 PH |
| CHEMICAL REACTIONS
WATER PROPERTY | WITHOUT WATER WE CANNOT BREAK DOWN FOOD (HYDROLYSIS) AIDS IN BREAKING DOWN FOOD |
| IONS | FORMED BY ELEMENTS THAT HAVE EITHER GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS |
| ELECTROLYTES | SALTS DISSOCIATED IN BODILY FLUIDS NA/K=NERVE IMPULES,
FE=CARRIES 02 IN HEMOGLOBIN OF BLOOD
CA=CLOTTING, MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
| UNIVERSAL SOLVENT | SOLVENT
SOLUTE
WAY WE TRANSPORT |
| SOLVENT | DOES THE DISSOLVING
WATER |
| SOLUTE | GETS DISSOLVED
SUGAR |
| SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY | AMOUNT OF ENERGY NEEDED TO RAISE 1G OF H20 1 DEGREE CELCIUS
ALLOWS US TO RESIS TEMP. FLUCTUATIONS |
| INTERMOLECULAR FORCES | FORCES BETWEEN MOLECULES
HYDROGEN BONDS H20 |
| COVALENT BOND | SHARING OF ELECTRONS (H20, SUGAR, OIL)
POLAR AND NON POLAR |
| POLAR CONVALENT | NON SHARING (H20) |
| NON-POLAR | SHARING (OIL) |
