| Question | Answer |
| Which statement by a patient can the nurse determine indicates the need for further teaching about a prescribed anti-infective medication? | “I can miss a dose as long as I take it the next time the dose is due.” |
| The nurse will anticipate administering a prescribed antibiotic to a patient with which infection? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Which action does the nurse determine to take based on findings of a localized, purulent, infected leg lesion? | Prepare the patient for incision and drainage. |
| Which collaborative intervention does the nurse determine to implement for the patient with an infection, pain, and fever? | Acetaminophen |
| Which innate immune functions provide immediate protection from foreign antigens? | Phagocytosis of identified foreign cells, External secretions neutralizing antigens,Stomach acid-destroying bacteria, Identifying malignant cells as foreign |
| What conclusion can be drawn by the nurse when a patient shows no improvement in assessment baseline after two weeks of treatment for an infection? | Collaborative interventions were ineffective. |
| Which intervention does the nurse determine addresses the collaborative goal of “eradication of the pathogenic agent”? | Oseltamivir prescribed for influenza |
| The nurse will take which action when caring for the patient admitted with influenza? | Place in a single room on droplet precautions |
| When assessing a patient with a respiratory infection, the nurse will anticipate which abnormal findings? | Lung crackles, Wheezes, Greenish sputum, Heart rate 102 bpm, Oral temperature 101°F |
| Which patient findings does the nurse determine to report to the provider because they indicate progression of the patient’s infection to sepsis? | Change in mental status to mild disorientation, Heart rate 102 beats per minute, Urine output to less than 30 mL/hour, Cold, clammy skin with pale appearance |
| Which statement by the patient on droplet precautions indicates understanding of how to prevent the spread of infection? | “I’ll cover my mouth whenever coughing or sneezing.” |
| In which order does humoral immunity react when stimulated by an invading foreign antigen? | 1) B lymphocytes become sensitized to foreign antigen. 2) Complement assists with antibody attachment to antigen. 3) White cells destroy antigen-antibody immune complexes 4) Memory cells are synthesized for future antigen recognition. |
| What is the most accurate conclusion by the nurse about a patient’s immune system when assessing well-healing wounds that were contaminated during a car crash? | Innate immunity is being effective. |
| Which action will the nurse take when caring for a patient with drug-resistant Clostridium difficile (C-Diff) to prevent spreading the infection to other patients? | Teach the patient to wash hands after toileting. |
| Match the situation with its definition. | Isolation-Separates those with disease from those without disease, Quarantine- Restricts movement of those exposed to an infectious agent, Protective isolation- Prevents exposure of person with compromised immunity from others |
| Which clinical manifestations of sepsis differentiate it from a systemic infection? | Oliguria, Hypotension, Confusion, Hypothermia, Low platelets |
| Which patient assessment indicates the patient has a chronic infection? | Persistent fatigue |
| The nurse determines to take which action based on the patient’s assessment finding of cloudy, foul-smelling urine? | Encourage increased fluid intake. |
| Which actions will the nurse avoid to prevent indirect transmission of pathogens when caring for a patient with an infection? | Handling medical equipment, hanging patient linens, Removing food trays, Disposing of tissues |
| Which humoral immune events separate it from cell-mediated immunity? | Recognition of antigen non-self-markers, B lymphocytes releasing specific antibodies, Binding of antibodies to foreign antigens,Chemotaxis from immune complex formation |
| Which action will the nurse take when implementing standard precautions? | Donning gloves prior to administering a patient intramuscular injection |
| Which patient finding should the nurse report to the provider? | Monocytes 5.1 × 109/L |
| Match the type of immunity with the source from which it is obtained. | Natural active- Disease, Artificial active- Immunization, Natural passive- Breast milk, Artificial passive- Serum injection |
| Which action by the nurse contributed to a patient developing a health care–associated infection (HAI)? | Use of alcohol-based hand cleaner prior to inserting an indwelling urinary catheter |
