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Chapter 8

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Created by: Kimshi

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Medical roots

Doug Best's Medical Terminology On-Line Class - 2/09

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Medical Terminology: Root Words

Levenscyclus M1

Term	Definition
ROOT: coagul/o	coagulation anticoagulant, coagulopathy Coagulo refers to the blood's ability to form clots
ROOTS: hem/o, hemat/o	blood hemolysis, hematology
ROOT: cyt/o	cell erythrocyte, thrombocytosis
ROOT: thromb/o	clot thrombocyte, thrombosis
ROOT: leuk/o	white leukocytes, leukemia
ROOTS: phleb/o, ven/o	vein phlebotomy, venospasm
ROOT: lymph/o	lymph lymphadenitis, lymphoma
ROOT: myel/o	bone marrow, spine myelitis, myelodysplasia
ROOT: splen/o	spleen splenomegaly, splenectomy
ROOT: thym/o	thymus thymoma, thymectomy
SUFFIx: -emia	blood condition anemia, leukemia
ROOT: tonsill/o	tonsils tonsillitis, tonsillectomy
ROOT: immun/o	immune system immunology, immunoglobulin
SUFFIX: -penia	deficiency cytopenia
ah-NEE-mee-ah	anemla an / emia no / blood condition reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue
ek-ih-MOH-sis	ecchymosis from Greek, for "to pour out" large bruise
HEE-mah-TOH-mah	hematoma hemat / oma blood / tumor mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue
HEE-moh-FIL-ee-ah	hemophilia hemo / phil / ia blood / love / condition condition in which the blood doesn't clot, thus causing excessive bleeding
HEM-oh-RIJ	hemorrhage hemo / rrhage blood / burst forth excessive blood loss
puh-TEE-kee-yah	petechia from Latin, for "freckle" or "spot" small bruise
REE-pir-FYOO-zhun IN-jir-ee	reperfusion injury re / per /fusion injury again / through / pour injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored
LIM-FAD-eh-NAWP-ah-thee	lymphadenopathy lymph / adeno / pathy lymph / gland / disease any disease of a lymph gland (node); used to refer to noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck
LIM-fih-DEE-mah	lymphedema lymph / edema lymph / swelling swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities
splee-NAL-jee-ah	splenalgia splen / algia spleen / pain pain in the spleen
SPLEE-noh-DIN-ee-ah	splenodynia spleno / dynia spleen / pain pain in the spleen
AN-AI-soh-SAI-toh-sis	anisocytosis an /iso / cvt / osis not / equal / cell / condition condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells
ee-LIP-toh-SAIT	elliptocyte ellipto / cyte oval-shaped / cell oval red blood cells
ee-LIP-toh-sal-TOH-sis	elliptocytosis ellipto / cyt / osis oval-shaped / cell / condition condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells
EM-boh-lizm	embolism embol /ism embolus / condition blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
EM-boh-lus	embolus em / bolus in / throw mass of matter present in the blood
eh-RITH-roh-SAIT	erythrocyte erythro / cyte red / cell red blood cell
eh-RITH-roh-sai-TOH-sis	ervthrocytosis erythro / cyt / osis red / cell / condition abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
hee-MAT-oh-pol-EE-sis	hematopolesis hemato / poiesis blood / formation formation of blood cells
hee-MAWL-ih-sis	hemolysis hemo /lysis blood / breakdown breakdown of blood cells
LOO-koh-sait	leukocyte leuko / cyte white / cell white blood cell
LOO-koh-sai-TOH-sis	leukocytosis leuko / cyt / osis white / cell / condition
LOO-koh-PEE-nee-ah	leukopenia leuko / penia white / deficiency deficiency in white blood cells
MAK-roh-sai-TOH-sis	macrocytosis macro / cyt / osis large / cell / condition condition characterized by large red blood cells
MAI-kroh-sai-TOH-sis	microcytosis micro / cyt / osis small / cell / condition condition characterized by small red blood cells
MAl-eh-loh-pol-EE-sis	myelopolesis myelo / poiesis bone marrow / formation formation of bone marrow
NOO-troh-PEE-nee-ah	neutropenia neutro / penia neutrophil / deficiency deficiency in neutrophil
NOR-moh-sait	normocyte normo / cyte normal / cell normal-sized red blood cell
AWL-Ih-goh-sih-THEE-mee-ah	oligocythemia oligo / cyt / hemia few / cell / blood condition deficiency in the number of red blood cells
PAN-SAIT-oh-PEE-nee-ah	pancytopenla pan / cyto / penia all / cell /deficiency deficiency in all cellular components of the blood
FAG-oh-sai-TOH-sis	phagocytosis phago / cyt / osis eat / cell / condition process in which phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris
POl-kih-loh-sal-TOH-sis	polkilocytosis poikilo / cyt / osis various / cell / condition condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes
PAWL-ee-sih-THEE-mee-ah	polycythemia poly / cyt / hemia many / cell / blood condition excess of red blood cells
reh-TIK-yoo-loh-SAIT	reticulocyte reticulo / cyte net / cell immature red blood cell; the root comes from its netlike appearance
SFEE-roh-SAIT	spherocyte sphero / cyte sphere / cell red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape
THROM-boh-sait	thrombocyte thrombo / cyte clot / cell cell that helps blood clot, also known as a platelet
THROM-boh-SAIT-oh-PEE-nee-ah	thrombocytopenia thrombo / cyto / penia clot / cell / deficiency deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells)
THROM-boh-sai-TOH-sis	thrombocytosis thrombo / cyt / osis clot / cell / condition increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)
THROM-boh-EM-boh-lizm	thromboembolism thrombo /embol / ism clot / embolus / condition blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
THROM-boh-JEN-ik	thrombogenic thrombo / gen / ic clot / formation / pertaining to capable of producing a blood clot
throm-BOH-sis	thrombosis thromb / osis clot / condition the formation of a blood clot
THROM-bus	thrombus from Greek, for "lump, clot, or even “ curd of milk “ blood clot
ah-SPLEEN-ee-ah	asplenia a / splen /ia no / spleen / condition absence of a spleen or of spleen function
HEP-ah-toh-SPLEE-noh-MEG-ah-lee	hepatosplenomegaly hepato / spleno / megaly liver / spleen / enlargement enlargement of the liver and spleen
LIM-foh-SAIT	lymphocyte lympho / cyte lymph / cell lymph cell
LIM-foh-PEE-nee-ah	lymphopenia lympho / penia lymph / deficiency abnormal deficiency in lymph
splee-NEK-toh-pee	splenectopy splen / ec/top / y spleen / out / place / condition displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen
splee-NAWL-ih-sis	splenolysis spleno / lysis spleen / breakdown breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue
SPLEE-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah	splenomalacia spleno / malacia spleen / softening softening of the spleen
SPLEE-noh-MEG-ah-lee	splenomegaly spleno / megaly spleen / enlargement enlargement of the spleen
SPLEE-nawp-TOH-sis	splenoptosis spleno / ptosis spleen / drooping condition downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen
THAI-mik HAl-per-PLAY-zhah	thymic hyperplasia thym /ic hyper / plasia thymus / pertaining to over / formation overdevelopment of the thymus
hee-MAT-oh-krit	hematocrit hemato / crit blood / judge (separate) test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume
HEE-mah-TAWL-oh-jee	hematology hemato / logy blood / study study of the blood
HEE-moh-GLOH-bin	hemoglobin hemo / globin blood / globe iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells
HAI-poh-per-FYOO-zhun	hypoperfusion hypo / per / fusion under / through / pour inadequate flow of blood
IM-yoo-noh-GLAWB-yoo-lin	Immunoglobulin immuno / globulin immune system / sphere protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease
IM-yoo-NAWL-oh-jist	immunologist immuno /logist immune system / specialist specialist in the study of the immune system
lim-FAN-iee-oh-GRAM	lymphanglogram lymph / angio / gram lymph / vessel / record record of the study of lymph vessels
lim-FAN-jee-AWG-rah-fee	lymphanglography lymph / angio / graphy lymph / vessel / writing procedure procedure to study the lymph vessels
per-FYOO-zhun	perfusion per /fusion through / pour circulation of blood through tissue
fleh-BAWL-oh-jee	phlebology phlebo /logy vein / study of study of veins
fleh-BAWT-oh-mist	phlebotomist phlebo /tom / ist vein /cut / specialist specialist in drawing blood
fleh-BAWI-oh-mee	phlebotomy phlebo / tomy vein / incision incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood
SFIG-moh-man-AWM-et-er	sphygmomanometer sphygmo / mano / meter strangle /thin / instrument for measuring fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure
ANT-Ih-BAWD-ee	antibody anti / body against / body substance produced by the body in response to an antigen
ANT-Ih-jen	antigen anti / gen against / creator substance that causes the body to produce antibodies
IM-yoo-NAWL-oh-jee	immunology immuno /logy immune system / study study of the immune svstem
AWT-oh-im-YOON diz-EEZ	autoimmune disease auto / immune self / immune disease caused by the body's immune system attacking the body's own healthy tissue
coh-AG-yoo-LAWP-ah-thee	coagulopathy coagulo / pathy coagulation / disease any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation
DEEP VAYN throm-BOH-sis	deep vein thrombosis deep vein thromb / osis deep vein clot / condition formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
HEE-moh-GLOH-bih-NAWP-ah-thee	hemoglobinopathy hemo / globino / pathy blood / globe / disease disease of the hemoglobin
HAl-per-koh-AG-yoo-lah-BIL-Ih-tee	hypercoagulability hyper / coagul / ability over / coagulation / ability increased ability of the blood to coagulate
IM-yoo-noh-deh-FISH-en-see	immunodeficiency immuno / deficiency immune / deficiency immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms
IM-yoo-noh-suh-PRESH-un	Immunosuppression immuno / suppression immune / suppression reduction in the activity of the body's immune system
is-KEE-mee-ah	Ischemia isch /emia hold back / blood condition blockage of blood flow to an organ
FLEB-ar-TEH-ree-ek-TAY-zhee-ah	phlebarterlectasia phleb / arteri / ectasia vein / artery / dilation dilation of blood vessels
SFEER-oh-sai-TOH-sis	spherocytosis sphero / cyt / osis sphere / cell / condition condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape
THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis	thrombophlebitis thrombo / phleb / itis clot /vein / inflammation inflammation of vein caused by a clot
ah-NEE-mee-ah	anemla an / emia no / blood condition reduced red blood cells
ah-PLAS-tik ah-NEE-mee-ah	aplastic anemia a / plas / tic an / emia no / formation / pertaining to no / blood condition anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
HEE-moh-LIT-ik ah-NEE-mee-ah	hemolytic anemla hemo / lytic an/ emia blood / breakdown no / blood condition anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells
Al-ern deh-FISH-en-see ah-NEE-mee-ah	Iron deficlency anemla iron deficiency an / emia iron deficiency no / blood condition anemia caused by inadequate iron intake
BIL-ee-roo-bin-EE-mee-ah	bilirubinemia bili / rubin / emia bile / red / blood condition presence of bilirubin in the blood
HAI-per-BIL-ee-roo-bin-EE-mee-ah	hyperbilirubinemia hyper / bili / rubin / emia over / bile / red / blood condition excessive bilirubin in the blood
HAl-per-koh-LES-ter-ol-EE-mee-ah	hypercholesterolemla hyper / cholesterol / emia over / cholesterol / blood condition excessive cholesterol in the blood
HAl-per-LIP-Ih-DEE-mee-ah	hyperlipidemla hyper / lipid / emia over fat / blood condition excessive fat in the blood
HAI-per-voh-LEE-mee-ah	hypervolemla hyper / vol /emia over / volume / blood condition increased blood volume
SEP-tih-SEE-mee-ah	septicemia septic / emia rotting / blood condition presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood
yoo-REE-mee-ah	uremia ur /emia urine / blood condition presence of urine in the blood
HEP-ah-toh-SPLEEN-al-tis	hepatosplenitis liver / spleen / inflammation Inflammation of the liver and spleen
HAl-per-SPLEN-izm	hypersplenism hyper / splen / ism over / spleen / condition increased spleen activity
LIM-FAD-en-AIT-is	lymphadenitis lymph / aden / itis lymph / gland / inflammation inflammation of a lymph gland (node)
lim-FAN-jee-ek-TAY-zhee-ah	lymphanglectasia lymph / angi / ectasia lymph / vessel / dilation dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities
LIM-FAN-JAIT-is	lymphangitis lymph / ang / itis lymph / vessel / inflammation inflammation of lymph vessels
MAWN-oh-NOO-klee-OH-sis	mononucleosis mono / nucle / osis опе / nucleus / condition condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes
MAI-el-oh-dis-PLAY-zhee-ah	myelodysplasla myelo /dys / plas /ia bone marrow / bad / formation / condition disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow
AWS-tee-oh-MAl-eh-LAl-tis	osteomyelitis osteo / mye /itis bone / bone marrow / inflammation Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
splee-NAI-tis	splenitis splen / itis spleen / inflammation Inflammation of the spleen
splee-NAWP-ah-thee	splenopathy spleno / pathy spleen / disease any disease of the spleen
SPLEE-noh-REK-sis	splenorrhexis spleno / rrhexis spleen / rupture rupture of the spleen
thai-MAWP-ah-thee	thymopathy thymo / pathy thymus / disease disease of the thymus
TON-sil-Al-tis	tonsillitis tonsill / itis tonsil / inflammation inflammation of a tonsil
loo-KEE-mee-ah	leukemla leuk /emia white / blood condition cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increase in white blood cells
lim-FOH-mah	lymphoma lymph / oma lymph / tumor tumor originating in lymphocytes
mai-eh-LOH-mah	myeloma myel / oma bone marrow / tumor cancerous tumor of the bone marrow, when the tumors are present in several bones, it is called multiple myeloma
thai-MOH-mah	thymoma thym / oma thymus / tumor tumor of the thymus
IM-yoo-noh-COM-proh-MAIZD	Immunocompromised immuno / compromised immune / compromised having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease
ANT-ih-coh-AG-yoo-lant	anticoagulant anti / coagul /ant against / coagulation / agent drug that prevents the coagulation of blood
HEE-moh-STAT-ik	hemostatic hemo / static blood / standing drug that stops the flow of blood
THROM-boh-LIT-ik	thrombolytic thrombo / lytic clot / breakdown agent drug that breaks down blood clots
LAP-ar-oh-spleen-EK-toh-mee	laparosplenectomy laparo / splen / ectomy abdomen / spleen / removal surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen
lim-FAD-en-EK-toh-mee	lymphadenectomy lymph / aden / ectomy lymph / gland / removal surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)
lim-FAD-eh-NAWT-oh-mee	lymphadenotomy lymph / adeno / tomy lymph / gland / incision incision into a lymph gland (node)
NEF-roh-SPLEE-noh-PEK-see	nephrosplenopexy nephro / spleno / pexy kidney / spleen / fixation surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney
SPLEE-NEK-toh-mee	splenectomy splen / ectomy spleen / removal surgical removal of the spleen
thai-MEK-toh-mee	thymectomy thym / ectomy thymus / removal surgical removal of the thymus
TON-sil-EK-toh-mee	tonsillectomy tonsill / ectomy tonsil / removal surgical removal of a tonsil
AH-feh-REE-sis	apheresis from Greek, for "separation" general term for a process, similar to dialysis that draws out a patient's blood, removes something from it. then returns the rest of the blood to the patients body
SAIT-ah-feh-REE-sis	cytapheresis cyt / apheresis cell / separation apheresis to remove cellular material
PLAZ-mah-fer-EE-sis	plasmapheresis plasm / apheresis plasma / separation apheresis to remove plasma
PLAYT-let-fer-EE-sis	plateletpheresis platelet / pheresis platelet / separation apheresis to remove platelets (for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets
tranz-FYOO-zhun	transfusion trans / fusion across / pour infusion into a patient of blood from another source
AIDS	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALL	acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AML	acute myeloid leukemia
BMT	bone marrow transplant
СВС	complete blood count
CML	chronic myeloid leukemia
DIC	disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus
ESR	erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hct	hematocrit
Hgb	hemoglobin
HIV	human immunodeficiency virus
HSM	hepatosplenomegaly
HUS	hemolytic uremic syndrome
INR	international normalized ratio
ITP	idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IV	intravenous
IVIG	intravenous immunoglobulin
LAD	lymphadenopathy
NCAT	no cervical adenopathy or tenderness
PLT	platelet count
PT	prothrombin time
PTT	partial thromboplastin time
RBC	red blood count; red blood cell
TTP	thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
WBC	white blood count; white blood cell