| Question | Answer |
| In the auricular surface, the bony surface of the sacrum is covered with ________________ while the ilium is covered with__________________. | Sacrum:Hyaline. Ilium:Fibrocartilage. Due to multidirectional forces. |
| What is a “pectineal line”? Discuss on what bones they can be found on and describe their significance? | A pectineal line refers to multiple-comb shaped lines. They can be found on posterior surface of femur and ridge in superior ramus of pubic bone. |
| Transverse plane that separates abdominal & pelvic cavity | Pelvic Inlet (note: False Pelvis= part of abdominal cavity and True Pelvis= Pelvic Cavity) |
| Which two ligaments reinforce the pubic symphysis joint? | Superior pubic ligament (superiorly) and the Arcuate ligament (inferiorly) |
| Sciatic nerve typically exits the greater sciatic foramen with what relation to the piriformis? Inferior to piriformis ____% Partly below & through ____% Entire nerve pierces whole muscle ___% | 85% ~14% ~1% |
| Decribe the bony landmarks of the pelvic inlet | In a circle=>sacral promontory, arcuate line, pectineal line of pubis, pubic tubercle |
| Iliolumbar Ligament attachments | Transverse Process 5th Lumbar Vertebrae=>Medial Aspect of Illium |
| How much movement has been scientifically measured with the SI joint? | 1-3 degrees or 2-5mm |
| Ventral SI Ligament attachments | Anterior aspect. Ilium=>Sacrum |
| Which two ligaments help resist nutation of the sacrum? What are their attachments? | Sacrospinous (sacrum=>ischial spine) Sacrotuberous (sacrum=>ischial tuberosity) |
| SI joints fuse around which decade? | Ebaugh: 3rd-5th decade. Pratt: Ankylosed by 6th decade in men and 1/3 women. (degenerative changes in male 4th, female 5th) |
| The anterior portion of the SI joint on the illum is called the _____________and is the _____________portion of the joint. The posterior portion is called the ___________________portion of the SI joint. | Auricular Surface. Synovial. Syndesmotic. (Interosseus SI Ligament-dense, irregular CT) |
| What is the main functional significance of the “pelvic diaphragm” or pelvic floor? | muscles are the major support for all the abdominal contents. Levator Ani: sheet of muscles, Coccygeus: relatively posterior. Also openings for rectum , urethra, vagina. |
| Name the boundaries of the pelvic cavity | Roof:pelvic inlet Anterior Wall:pubic bone Lateral Wall: pubic bone, illium, ischium Posterior Wall: sacrum Floor: Pelvic diaphragm (coccygeus and levator ani) |
| What marks the thickest part of ilium? | Marked by arcuate line. Line leads directly to heavy superior aspect of acetabulum, which is major weight bearing portion of socket. |
| What role do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments play in forming the greater and lesser sciatic foramen? | Ligaments are responsible for turning foramen into notches. Sacrotuberous ligament closes the notches off posteriorly while sacrospinous ligament divides foramen into greater and lesser portions. |
| List the main contents of the Lesser sciatic foramen | 1. Obturator internus
2. Superior gemellus
3. Inferior gemellus
4. Nerves that innervate three muscles
5. Pudendal NV bundle-portion that supplies perineum region |
| What are the three bones of the pelvic girdle? Articulations? | Sacrum and 2 Os Coxae (innominate bones). Articulations: 2 Sacroiliac (synovial and syndesmotic) and Pubic Symphysis (cartilaginous) |
| List the main contents of the Greater sciatic foramen | -Sciatic Nerve
-Piriformis muscle belly (fills majority of foramen)
-NV bundle above and below piriformis
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
-Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve
medial to sciatic
-Pudendal NV bundle
medial to PFCN |
| Describe the orientation of the obturator foramen relative to the acetabulum? What structure runs through it? | Relative inferior and anterior. Obturator nerve (L2-L4 AD) runs through defect in superior aspect of obturator membrane. |
