| |
| Flagella | Rope - like
Composed flagellin |
| Functions of antibodies | Blocking the pathogen
Recruiting or helping other cells that will kill the pathogen |
| Bac Cell membrane has | Phos pholipid bilager
No sterols |
| Fimbriae | hair like
work as adhesins |
| Bac structure has | Genetic elements: Chromosome, Plasmids, Transposable elements
Ribosomes
Protein |
| Chromosomes | contain genes (Double - stranded)
Proka: One single circular
Euka: Have multiple |
| The basic bac shape | Coccus (tròn)
Bacillus (que)
Curved (liềm, cung)
Spiral (quăn) |
| Plasmids | replicate separately from chromosome
Are circular double stranded DNA
Can transferred to another bacterium |
| Aerobic metabolism | Utilizing oxygen |
| Anaerobic metabolism | Without utilizing oxygen |
| Transposeble elements | Segments of DNA that can move to other site on a DNA
have in both proka and Euka |
| Transposeble elements types | Insertion sequences
Transposons |
| To avoid toxic of oxi | need ez Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Peroxidase |
| Insertion sequences | Very simple, only genetic information required for them to move |
| Obligated aerobe | Growth with oxi
Needed oxi |
| Transposons | Larger, Contain other genes |
| Obligated anaerobe | Growth without oxi
Oxi is toxic |
| Facultative anearobe | can grow with or without oxygen utilized if available |
| Transposeons may moving by | Cut themselves to another Location
Replicate prior (cắt nhỏ) to move
Jump to a plasmid then transferred to another Bac |
| Bac wall | Made of peptidoglycan (mucopeptid) |
| Microaerophilic aerobe | need low of O2 (~2%-10%) |
| Gram + | Thick peptidoglycan layer
Narrow periplusonce space
Has: Teichoic acid
Don't have outer membrane
Toxins: Exotoxins
High permeability (tính thấm) |
| aerotolerant anaerobe | do not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in oxi |
| Gram - | Bilayer
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Wide periplusonce space
Has: Lipopolysaccharide, Lipoprotein
Have outer membrane
Toxins: Exotoxins and edotoxins
Low permeability (tính thấm) |
| Cell division in bac | usually occurs by Binary fission |
| two type of teichoic acids | Wall teichoic acids
Lipoteichoic acids has fatty acids |
| binary fission | A process in which one cell divides to form two daughter cells |
| teichoic acids function | For cell wall maintenance ( duy trì thành tế bào) during cell division and adheston |
| Endospores | are produced in response to environmental, metabolic and cell cycle Signals
NOT metabolically active |
| Porins | special channels for transporting chemical compounds |
| Bac endospore is | A single one forms inside Bao in response to non favorable conditions
For Surviving |
| Fungal spores | Produced in great numbers
For reproduction |
| Lipopolysaccharide include | Lipid A ( endotoxin)
Polysaccharide |
| Extracellular bac | Do not survive inside host cell
Can live in extracellular environment
Are most Bac |
| Polysaccharide has two components | Core: species of Bac
O - antigen |
| Three group of Bac | Extracellular
Facultative intracellular
Obligate intracellular |
| O antigen | Long linear polysaccharide of 50-100 repeating units of 4 to 7 sugars per unit |
| Facultative intracellular Bac | Can invade host cell
Can live in extracellular environment |
| Lipoproteins | Cross-link the outer mem and peptidoglycan |
| Obligate intracellular Bac | Need to invade host cell
Can not live in extracellular environment |
| Glucocalyx | Coating of macromolecules, protect cell and help adhere to environments |
| A brofilm | is a community of microbes
In a sticky matrix attached to a surface (có chất kết dính ở bề mặt) |
| Based on chemical composition Glucocalyx has 2 type | Slime layer: loose shield
Capsule: Thicker, sticky gummy consistency |
| A major viruleace factor | Capsule type of Glucocalyx |
| Bac within a biofilm | cooperate with each other |
| biofilms are ____________ to antibiotics | very resistant |
| The capsule virulence because | protects bacteria
Can work as an adhesin |
